超高回采巷道顶部柔膜袋快速充填技术

针对阳泉煤业集团南庄煤矿8836运输巷局部超高,威胁安全生产的问题,实测了3个充填区域,设计了顶部柔膜袋快速充填方案,并进行了现场试验。结果表明:高水充填材料具备速凝早强特性,2 h强度1.25 MPa,28 d强度3.98 MPa,材料消耗约305 kg/m^3;效果考察表明,在工作面超前区,充填体下方单体柱受力均匀、明显,充填体接顶充分,工作面后方充填体垮落效果良好,未形成悬顶。     

胶带斜井在冶金矿山深井开拓中的应用探讨

针对某在建矿山深井开拓方案探索需求,通过对胶带运输系统发展应用情况介绍和胶带运输系统运输特性影响因素分析,并结合深井开拓胶带斜井方案与竖井加胶带斜井方案投资经济性比较,以及对胶带运输系统在运行过程中关键问题的分析和讨论,得出随着胶带运输技术的不断发展,在大规模深井开拓中,胶带斜井开拓将大有可为,为冶金矿山深井开拓方案选择提供决策支持。     

矿山深部开采岩体稳定性监测技术研究

针对矿山深部开采过程中易发生地压动力灾害的问题,基于微震监测技术,结合矿山实际特点建立岩体稳定性监测系统。优化台网设计,通过定点爆破的方法进行波速校正,最终建立了定位误差在10m,灵敏度在-2.2的监测台网。对监测数据进行波形拾取,分析微震事件时空演化特征,圈定潜在危险区域,并对潜在危险区域围岩变形损伤进行分析。最终总结出微震事件大幅度上升且处于较高水平、空间分布高度集聚、能量指数突然下降而累计视体积迅速上升的动力灾害预警前兆。研究结果可为深部开采岩体稳定性监测提供参考。     

Genetic algorithm to simultaneously optimise stope sequencing and equipment dispatching in underground short-term mine planning under time uncertainty

ABSTRACT

The main issue in short-term planning optimisation for underground mining is organising the mining process with limited resources in the form of equipment and materials to satisfy production targets and stable feed grade requirements. In this paper, an integrated optimisation model is proposed based on an individual generation algorithm and an improved Genetic Algorithm to simultaneously optimise stope extraction sequencing and timing, extracted ore grade and equipment dispatching. The model objectives are to shorten the time gap between the stope mining processes and the overall working time. When the uncertainty of equipment working time is taken into account in a short-term scheduling model, the Monte Carlo simulation is applied to evaluate the risk of not meeting the production target. A modification strategy is defined to evaluate equipment failure. Consequently, any available equipment is automatically reassigned to the mining site to replace the broken-down equipment. A case study is used to validate the model in the Sanshandao gold mine of China to formulate an optimal monthly schedule. Compared with the conventional approach, the new model could reduce the variance of ore tonnage and feed grade and improve the equipment allocation efficiency. Discussions are presented to address the uncertainty.     

大红山铁矿Ⅰ号铜矿带台车掘进光面爆破试验研究

巷道成形良好的关健因素主要是矿岩的岩性、构造的发育情况、炮孔起爆顺序、孔内装药量和周边眼的间距。目前大红山铁矿井下掘进施工中起爆顺序和孔内装药量都已是成熟的技术,现阶段对台车光面爆破试验研究以调整周边眼的间距为主。为探讨大红山铁矿Ⅰ号铜矿带台车掘进光面爆破技术,通过不同周边眼间距的台车掘进光面爆破试验研究的效果对比,得到台车掘进光面爆破最优效果的最优周边眼间距,为大力推进台车光面爆破掘进奠定坚实的基础,随着研究的深入和实践经验总结,对各类金属矿山的采掘施工中,提高作业效率,降低安全风险,将得到更为广泛的应用。     

高性能计算分析技术在大型钠冷快堆屏蔽设计中的应用

钠冷快堆堆容器是一体化的池式结构,由众多堆内构件组成且结构复杂,堆芯到生物屏蔽外中子输运过程中各向异性明显且深穿透问题严重,大尺度范围下三维S_N方法计算是制约快堆屏蔽设计的瓶颈。通过将三维SN程序与高性能计算技术相结合,采用并行计算方法可解决快堆堆本体内各向异性的三维深穿透屏蔽问题。本文以中国示范快堆（CFR600）堆本体为研究对象,采用JSNT-CFR程序详细计算了堆本体内的中子注量率、光子注量率、剂量率,并将计算结果与已有的二维程序设计结果进行比较。结果表明,将传统屏蔽计算方法与高性能计算相结合,能满足CFR600堆本体屏蔽计算精度要求,获得更为全面的三维展示效果,在计算模型复杂、粒子穿透深度等复杂问题的屏蔽计算上具有较明显的优势,为大型钠冷快堆屏蔽设计提供有力支撑。     

Modeling Alcohol Dehydrogenase Catalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvent/Water Mixtures

The use of oxidoreductases (EC1) in non-conventional reaction media has been increasingly explored. In particular, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a novel class of solvents. Herein, an in-depth study of bioreduction with an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the DES glyceline is presented. The activity and stability of ADH in mixtures of glyceline/water with varying water contents were measured. Furthermore, the thermodynamic water activity and viscosity of mixtures of glyceline/water have been determined. For a better understanding of the observations, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to quantify the molecular flexibility, hydration layer, and intraprotein hydrogen bonds of ADH. The behavior of the enzyme in DESs follows the classic dependence of water activity (a_W) in non-conventional media. At low a_W values (<0.2), ADH does not show any activity; at higher a_W values, the activity was still lower than that in pure water due to the high viscosities of the DES. These findings could be further explained by increased enzyme flexibility with increasing water content.     

基于深度残差网络的化工过程故障诊断

本工作提出了一种基于深度残差网络(DRN)的化工过程故障诊断方法,可从大量化工过程运行数据中自动提取故障特征。模型采用快捷连接缓解传统深度神经网络训练困难的问题,且使用批归一化(BN)方法,可有效缓解梯度消失/爆炸的问题。以田纳西?伊斯曼(TE)过程为实验对象对所提方法进行诊断性能评价实验,并与以往的基于传统深度学习模型的TE过程故障诊断方法进行对比,进一步探究了模型层数、BN技术和残差结构对故障诊断率的影响,最后,通过t分布随机邻域嵌入(t-SNE)方法对网络部分层的输出进行可视化。结果表明,模型对21种工况取得了94%的平均故障诊断率和0.30%的平均假阳率,表现出更加卓越的诊断性能。输出层的二维散点图显示了清晰的聚类,表明所提出的DRN模型能够对故障进行准确诊断。     

碳化反沉淀法去除硫酸锰浸出液中钙、镁的研究

采用碳化沉锰法去除硫酸锰溶液中的钙、镁离子。以CO₂为碳化剂, 将硫酸锰溶液中的Mn²⁺以碳酸锰沉淀的形式从原溶液中分离出来, 然后用硫酸将沉淀物溶解, 从而达到除杂的目的。考查了CO₂流量、反应温度、pH值及反应时间对钙、镁离子去除效果的影响, 结果表明, 最适宜条件为反应温度45 ℃、溶液pH值7.0、CO₂流量2.7 L/min、反应时间60 min, 此时碳化产物中钙、镁离子含量分别为0.03%和0.01%, 达到了HG/T 2836-2011高纯碳酸锰Ⅰ型品的标准。     

二阶二段掏槽技术在岩巷掘进中的应用研究

为了解决阳煤一矿岩巷掘进中出现的炮孔利用率低、大块率高、抛渣距离远的问题,在岩巷掘进爆破施工中应用二阶二段掏槽技术。在分析了二阶二段掏槽破岩机理的基础上,依据炸药爆炸在岩石中形成粉碎区和裂隙区半径的计算式确定了一阶及二阶掏槽孔口距、孔底距等二阶二段掏槽技术关键参数,并在现场进行应用。现场试验结果表明：与原方案相比,采用二阶二段掏槽技术后,炮孔利用率由81%提高到90%,大块率降低了72%,抛渣距离减小了29%,月进尺由60m提高到90m,提高50%。应用效果表明二阶二段掏槽技术具有良好的适应性,并具有较高的技术经济效果,可为同类型巷道快速掘进提供借鉴。