势能增氧生态净化工艺在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

比较污水处理好氧工艺生物转盘法和滴滤池法的优缺点,并结合两种废水处理方法的优点,设计新的工艺——势能增氧生态净化工艺,对南京市腊梅食品厂高浓度有机废水进行处理。结果表明,势能增氧生态净化工艺设计简单,不需鼓风曝气,污水进入废水处理系统后出水即达到所要求的水质标准,且全部自控管理,具有废水处理效果佳、运行费用低的特点。     

Heuristic Dynamic Programming Using Echo State Network For Multivariable Tracking Control Of Wastewater Treatment Process

This paper proposes a heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) scheme to simultaneously control the dissolved oxygen concentration and the nitrate level in wastewater treatment processes (WWTP). Unlike traditional HDP schemes, the optimal control values are calculated in an analytical way by the proposed HDP controller. It can reduce the learning burden of the HDP controller to a great extent. The system model and the evaluation index J are approximated by two echo state networks (ESNs). Gradient‐based learning algorithms are employed to train both ESNs online, and the convergence of the training algorithm is investigated based on Lyapunov theory. The performance of the proposed ESN‐based HDP (E‐HDP) controller is tested and evaluated on a WWTP benchmark. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve effective performance.     

Robust‐Adaptive Control Strategies for a Time Delay Bioelectrochemical Process Using Interval Observers

The paper addresses the design and the analysis of adaptive and robust‐adaptive control strategies for a complex recycled wastewater treatment bioprocess. The design procedures are developed under the realistic assumptions that the bacterial growth rates are unknown and the influent flow rates are time‐varying and uncertain, but some lower and upper bounds of these uncertainties are known. The proposed control structures are achieved by combining a linearizing control law with an appropriately (asymptotic or interval based) state observer and with a parameter estimator used for on‐line estimation of unknown kinetics. These approaches are applied to a complex time delay bioprocess resulting from the association of a recycling bioreactor with an electrochemical reactor. Numerical simulations are performed in order to validate the proposed algorithms.     

城市污水处理厂节能水平评估标准探讨

以我国现行典型城市污水处理厂实际运行情况为依托,结合国内外经验成果,在筛选影响城市污水处理厂节能水平重要因子的前提下,初步提出采用打分形式对城市污水处理厂节能水平进行评估的设想,从而建立城市污水处理厂节能水平等级划分标准。     

电镀废水处理站DTCR辅助氢氧化物沉淀工艺改造

某废水处理站改造前采用传统氢氧化物沉淀工艺处理高浓度含铬、氰镉电镀废水,运行不稳定,出水不能达标排放。工艺改造后增加了高分子重金属捕集沉淀剂DTCR辅助去除重金属,在含铬废水DTCR投加量为50 mg/L、含氰镉废水DTCR投加量为10 mg/L条件下,出水总铬、镉分别稳定在0.5 mg/L、0.2 mg/L以下,远低于《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900—2008)限值。     

A3菌产絮凝剂培养动力学及靛蓝废水脱色研究

从土壤中筛选出1株产微生物絮凝剂的菌株A3,利用均匀设计安排试验,用曲线拟合创建数学模型的方法研究了其产絮凝剂的培养基条件和利用A3菌产絮凝剂对靛蓝废水进行脱色处理,获得A3菌最佳絮凝剂生产条件和最佳靛蓝废水脱色工艺.结果表明,A3菌产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为葡萄糖添加量2.2%、酵母膏添加量0.51%、pH 7.6、温...     

反渗透处理高含盐废水的实验研究与膜污染分析

试验以经过混凝-超滤预处理后的高含盐废水为研究对象,考察了一级两段反渗透处理工艺对CODcr、TDS等的去除效果以及操作压力、温度、pH等因素对反渗透去除效果的影响。研究表明:在最佳工艺条件下,CODcr的去除率大于90%,TDS的去除率大于99%。反渗透处理后出水达到工业循环冷却水水质要求(GB50330-2002)。膜受污染后采用化学清洗和水力清洗相结合的方法可使膜的透水量恢复97.53%。     

H_2O_2、Fenton试剂与活性炭联用对COD_(Cr)去除效果的对比试验研究

为了开发高效低成本、达到回用水质标准的污水处理工艺,本试验采用H2O2、Fenton试剂与活性炭联用对CODCr进行去除的对比试验研究。结果表明:在室温下200 mL水样,当pH为3,震荡强度为150 rpm时,Fenton试剂-活性炭联用与H2O2-活性炭相比,活性炭用量少200 mg,时间缩短10 h,CODCr去除率高17.6%。试验揭示了Fenton试剂-活性炭联用的反应机理:Fe2+与活性炭共同催化分解H2O2生成大量.OH,能快速氧化降解有机物,使CODCr浓度迅速降低。从工程应用角度和技术经济方面考虑,Fenton试剂-活性炭联用的pH值在5～7适宜;且处理成本更低。Fenton试剂-活性炭联用是处理二级出水CODCr高效、低耗的方法,值得进一步研究和推广应用。     

脱硫废水旋转喷雾蒸发与旁路烟道蒸发特性研究

针对旋转喷雾和旁路烟道两类高温旁路烟气蒸发技术工艺,开展脱硫废水蒸发特性对比实验,结合可视化荧光示踪法及单液滴蒸发试验研究了废水雾滴在高温烟气中的蒸发过程,分析了烟气温度及烟气停留时间对蒸发性能的影响,并比较了两类废水蒸发工艺的差异。结果表明：脱硫废水液滴接触热烟气后将迅速失去表面自由水分,表面成壳固化为半干颗粒;旋转喷雾蒸发塔内主蒸发区域温度迅速降低,提高烟气温度有助于提升蒸发效率,降低出口灰分含水率;通过适当增大干燥塔尺寸,延长高温烟气在干燥塔内停留时间,可提升热量利用率,实现低气液比条件下的蒸发干燥;两类旁路蒸发工艺相比,旋转喷雾蒸发因雾化效果较好、气液混合均匀,蒸发性能略优于旁路烟道工艺。     

Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Applications for Biological Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Research and Developments

Wastewater treatment is a process that is vital to protecting both the environment and human health. At present, the most cost-effective way of treating wastewater is with biological treatment processes such as the activated sludge process, despite their long operating times. However, population increases have created a demand for more efficient means of wastewater treatment. Fluidization has been demonstrated to increase the efficiency of many processes in chemical and biochemical engineering, but it has not been widely used in large-scale wastewater treatment. At the University of Western Ontario, the circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor (CFBBR) was developed for treating wastewater. In this process, carrier particles develop a biofilm composed of bacteria and other microbes. The excellent mixing and mass transfer characteristics inherent to fluidization make this process very effective at treating both municipal and industrial wastewater. Studies of lab- and pilot-scale systems showed that the CFBBR can remove over 90% of the influent organic matter and 80% of the nitrogen, and produces less than one-third as much biological sludge as the activated sludge process. Due to its high efficiency, the CFBBR can also be used to treat wastewaters with high organic solid concentrations, which are more difficult to treat with conventional methods because they require longer residence times; the CFBBR can also be used to reduce the system size and footprint. In addition, it is much better at handling and recovering from dynamic loadings (i.e., varying influent volume and concentrations) than current systems. Overall, the CFBBR has been shown to be a very effective means of treating wastewater, and to be capable of treating larger volumes of wastewater using a smaller reactor volume and a shorter residence time. In addition, its compact design holds potential for more geographically localized and isolated wastewater treatment systems.