中山陵园风景区系统分析及其格局重组与完善

在对中山陵园风景区进行系统分析的基础上，明确存在问题与价值取向，并着重就该风景区格局的重组与完善提出对策。     

Large bending of pipes

The computer model developed has been used successfully for studying the large pipe-bending problem frequently encountered in offshore structural engineering. The pipe-soil interaction is modelled by using the Coulomb friction law. The modified finite element approach coupled with a modified tangent stiffness procedure is used to handle the nonlinearities (geometric and material, etc.) in the problem. The material nonlinearity has been considered both by the plastic-hinge method and by an elastic-plastic method. Before studying the practical problems, sufficient check problems were analysed and a good agreement was found between theoretically exact solutions and the results obtained from the developed computer model.     

新型澄清池结构的动力分析计算

应用ANSYS软件对某公司设计的新型澄清池结构建立了三维有限元模型，进行了静力、模态和地震反应谱分析，着重对该结构在地震荷载作用下的安全性进行了研究，对原设计方案的锥体壁厚进行了优化计算。     

Arsenic-sulfides confound anion exchange resin speciation of aqueous arsenic

A field-portable anion exchange resin method (often cited as the Ficklin method (1983)) has been extensively used to distinguish between dissolved arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) species in natural waters. As(III) occurs largely as As(OH)(3), which is uncharged at ca. pH 7, while As(V) is negatively charged and will sorb to the resin. However, we show that negatively charged As(III)-sulfide (thioarsenite) species, important at sulfide concentrations >10 microM, also bind to the anion exchange resins, and therefore might be interpreted incorrectly as As(V). Furthermore, we show that nitrogen-purging, which results in a conversion of As(III)-sulfides to arsenite, can be used to obtain accurate arsenic speciation when resins are used on sulfidic water samples.     

On the potential of combining neutron activation analysis and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) for micro- and microdistribution analysis of hard metals in human tissues

Tungsten carbide and cobalt are the main components of hard metal alloy while other metals such as chromium, niobium, tantalum, titanium and vanadium are sometimes added in smaller amounts. Exposure to hard metal dusts can induce a lung fibrosis with cobalt playing a major role. In order to provide information on the role that each metal may have in causing this disease, determination of the total content and the distribution of inhaled metals in lung tissue of hard metal workers is of paramount importance. However, samples such as transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), often used in the medical diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, only allow for a small amount of material. This calls for sensitive and accurate analytical procedures for microdetermination and distribution of metals in pulmonary tissue and cellular material, such as macrophages. This work proposes a combination of sophisticated analytical techniques such as neutron activation analysis (NAA), currently applied to the determination of the total concentration of more than 30 elements in biological specimens, and PIXE analysis, particularly microPIXE, which has a great potential for microdistribution analysis in small biological samples. Principles and perspectives for the combined use of these techniques for the analysis of human tissue are outlined and discussed. NAA: determination of hard metals in lung tissue are carried out by neutron irradiation (2 × 10¹⁴ neutrons cm⁻² s⁻¹) in the HFR reactor of Petten. After neutron activation, radiochemical separations of ⁶⁰Co, ¹⁸⁷W, ¹⁸²Ta, ⁵¹Cr followed by computer-based high resolution gamma ray spectrometry allow the measurement of these elements in pulmonary tissues with sensitivities ranging from 10⁻⁴ μg (Cr) to 10⁻⁶ μg (W). PIXE: this technique is multielemental and of relatively high sensitivity (μg/g) even in small total sample masses of from 10 to 100 μg, thus allowing the analysis of parts of needle biopsies. Whereas PIXE has been successfully applied to many medical problems, its usefulness is limited in the total samples analysis for cobalt-related hard metal disease, due to the low levels of cobalt in tissue combined with severe element interferences from the generally more abundant metal, iron. Nevertheless, microPIXE, a special variety of the method scanning over the sample with a focussed ion beam of about 2 × 2 μm², could complement the NAA findings in total samples in the sense of achieving a microdistribution analysis of hard metals (including cobalt) in suitable thin tissue sections.The availability of specialized facilities at the JRC such as the powerful HFR reactor (Petten), the NAA laboratories (Ispra) and the microPIXE facility (Geel) could represent a European ‘reference pole’ for the study of metals in tissues of hard metal diseased subjects.     

城市地铁盾构法施工技术经济分析

以上海轨道交通杨浦线一期工程Ⅶ标为例,介绍了地铁区间隧道的施工方法、工序及造价分析。     

北京欢乐谷聚能飞船圆环柱动力基础设计研究

游乐设施设备基础作为一种特种结构,在我国建筑行业相关标准中还没有给出其相应的规范和条文。在《游艺机与游乐设施安全》(GB8408—2000)中也没有明确设备基础的设计方法与安全储备。结合欢乐谷工程的混凝土圆环柱设计,针对上述问题开展研究与探讨,通过优化结构形式和合理选取安全储备系数,采用近似计算与有限元分析相结合的方法进行设计,较好地解决了上述问题,并对圆环柱在弯、剪、扭作用下的结构计算进行了探讨。     

Energy and environmental comparison of three variants of a family house during its whole life span

The aim of this study is to analyse and compare three variants of a family house in order to evaluate the total environmental impacts produced during the whole building life cycle. The first variant corresponds to the standard in force in Switzerland, the second alternative to the requirements of a quality control label for houses with low energy consumption and the third case is a very low energy consumption building. The three variants have the same architectural aspect but different insulation thicknesses and types, different energy production systems and the use of different renewable energies. The calculation of the environmental impacts is carried out by means of a life cycle analysis, which includes not only the impact related to the energy consumption during the occupancy stage, but also the materials manufacture, transport, replacement and elimination at the end of the building lifetime. The results are expressed with the Swiss and the UCTE (Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity) electricity mix to analyse how they influence the building impact.     

幕墙中埋件节点类型探讨

对幕墙结构中常见的8种钢结构埋件节点以及不同节点连接形式的受力特点进行了介绍和分析,探讨了节点的工作机理、力学性能和优缺点。说明所列举的不同构造形式的埋件节点均满足实际工程中不同连接形式的需要,为工程设计中应用提供了有益的参考,同时针对埋件节点的工程设计提出了一些建议。     

缆索承重桥梁的非线性分析方法综述

论述了缆索承重桥梁的非线性分析的几种计算方法,并指出每种方法的适用范围,以使整个结构的分析精度达到新的水平,为同类桥梁结构计算建立了指导。