Influence of sustained deficit irrigation on colour parameters of Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz microscale wine fermentations

Background and Aims: This study aimed to explore the influence of sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) on the grape and wine colour parameters of two premium red wine grape varieties grown in the Sunraysia region of South Eastern Australia. Methods and Results: The SDI experiments were conducted during three vintages from 2003 to 2004, 2004 to 2005 and 2005 to 2006 on the Vitis vinfera cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz grafted to 140 Ruggeri (V. berlandieri × V. rupestris) rootstock. The grapevines were drip irrigated providing 100% of estimated ET_c (control) and three graded sustained water deficits (Cabernet Sauvignon 70, 52 and 43% of the control; Shiraz 65, 45 and 34% of the control). Microscale wine fermentations were conducted on grapes from the 2006 harvest to assess wine colour density, wine hue, red pigments, anthocyanins, phenolics and copigmentation products in the wine. Wine anthocyanin and phenolic concentrations for both varieties showed significant increases with increasing intensity of SDI. Conclusion: Increases in wine colour with SDI may result from changes in flavonoid biosynthesis as a result of grapevine responses to water deficit. Alternatively, increases in red wine colour could be caused by changes in chemical properties of the anthocyanins to copigmented or polymeric forms during the winemaking or ageing process. Significance of the Study: The Australian wine industry is currently affected by drought and reduced water allocations resulting in production of wine from grapes exposed to water deficit. Findings from this study provide knowledge to the wine industry as to how sustained deficit irrigation may modify wine colour.     

南水北调工程规划、环境影响及生态环境保护

论述了南水北调东、中、西三条线路的工程规划、环境影响、生态环境保护及效益。     

常利率下有阈红利边界的复合Poisson风险模型

考虑了常利率下有阈红利边界的复合Poisson风险模型,给出了罚金折现期望函数满足的积分-微分方程及带干扰的情况下罚金折现函数所满足的积分-微分方程.利用全概率公式得到了相应积分-微分方程的解、破产概率及破产前瞬时盈余和破产赤字的联合分布的具体表达式.该模型有利于降低公司最终破产的概率.     

生物滞留池水文水质效应模拟分析

为研究生物滞留池措施对雨水水文水质的调控作用,以宜兴市城区某试验区为研究区域,利用SWMM模拟软件,在5年、10年、100年设计重现期下,分别模拟城市化后有无生物滞留池措施的水文水质状况,并将两者比较分析。研究发现:占研究区域总面积10.75%的生物滞留池措施下,雨水径流量减少了12%左右,峰值流量降低了8%左右,入渗量增加了22%左右;污染物SS、COD、TN、TP总负荷量的削减率分别在10%、7%、9%、8%左右。结果表明:随着城市化进程日益加快,生物滞留池可有效地降低雨水径流量、增加雨水入渗量,削减雨水径流的峰值流量;同时还可以拦截一定量的颗粒悬浮物、营养物质、重金属等污染物。研究成果对海绵城市建设和雨水资源调控利用具有参考价值,对城市水生态建设具有重要意义。     

对当前城市生态与城市经济理论的评述

对生态足迹分析、基于经济学的AEANDP和GSR以及循环经济的思想等城市生态理论分析模型做一介绍，指出当前城市生态学及经济学理论的片面性，提出应从动态平衡的角度去研究城市的生态及经济发展的观点，对进一步研究城市生态理论具有重要意义。     

非透明幕墙节能技术探讨

根据幕墙的应用要求，分析了非透明幕墙的热工性能，探讨了非透明幕墙的节能技术，介绍了生态幕墙的节能设计方法，以期对工程设计提供一定意义的参考作用。     

建筑节能在建筑设计中的应用

阐述了节能节地是生态建筑与建筑的持续发展问题中的一个重要环节，探讨了在建筑设计与实施过程中，如何利用节能与节地的基本原则和基础知识，为人们创造健康、安全、美好的生活空间和环境。     

浅谈绿色建筑

对绿色建筑的概念进行了阐述，并分析其与生态建筑、可持续建筑之间的关系，对绿色建筑的来源进行了论述，通过研究绿色建筑中的生态观，说明绿色建筑观的重要性与必要性。