超重力场凝固对Cu-1.6%Cr共晶合金组织的影响

本实验分别在普通重力场和4230g超重力场下制备了Cu_(98.4)Cr_(1.6)合金的凝固样品,研究了重力场对Cu_(98.4)Cr_(1.6)合金棒状共晶尺寸和宏观偏析情况的影响。结果表明:与普通重力场的凝固组织相比,当Cu_(98.4)Cr_(1.6)合金棒状共晶在4230g超重力场下凝固时,棒状共晶组织得到了明显的细化,其直径由250~350nm降至100~200nm。同时,Cu_(98.4)Cr_(1.6)共晶合金沿超重力场方向的硬度和成分分布基本一致,未出现明显的宏观偏析。     

Reconstructing design parameters of a rectangular resonator via peak signal-to-noise ratio and global optimization algorithms

This article proposes an approach for reconstructing physical parameters of a sample in a rectangular resonator during microwave radiation, knowing a priori, its electric field distribution. The inverse problem was solved using two global optimization algorithms and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) criterion. First, the Self-regulated Fretwidth Harmony Search algorithm (SFHS) identified suitable resonant frequencies for a given configuration. Next, the unified Particle Swarm Optimization (UPSO) optimized said configuration. Together, they became a maximization strategy of the PSNR through a dual optimization process. Results showed the ability of the approach for estimating the height of each sample block and the resonating frequency of the cavity. This process takes longer to finish as a higher PSNR is demanded (mainly due to the aforementioned dual optimization). Even so, it allows for more similar electric field distributions between both, the direct and inverse problems.     

益新矿中心大空孔掏槽爆破扩腔过程数值分析

为了更好的应用中心大空孔掏槽爆破技术,根据益新煤矿爆破工况,运用有限元软件LS-DYNA,深入分析爆破过程中应力波的传播、有效应力和应力场的变化,研究其扩腔过程及岩石破碎机理。结果表明:爆炸应力波首先在炮孔连线方向相遇叠加并形成一条直线型的加强带,然后传至空孔并发生复杂的反射和叠加,最后在岩体中扩散;空孔外围的应力场分布呈现"圆形-菱形-圆形-方形"的变化规律;中心大空孔掏槽爆破有利于炸药能量的均匀分布和槽腔的形成与扩展。现场验证表明:该项技术大大提高了煤矿巷道的掘进速度,取得了较好的经济效益。     

强磁场对硅锰铸钢于A_1点附近等温珠光体相变的影响

通过开展12 T强磁下硅锰铸钢(50Si_2Mn_3)于A_1点温度附近不同等温时间的热处理试验,并对比强磁场与无磁场条件下等温珠光体相变试验结果,研究了磁场对珠光体转变量及组织形貌的影响。研究表明,对于50Si_2Mn_3在A1点以下较高温度范围内,强磁场可缩短珠光体相变的孕育期,促进硅锰铸钢珠光体转变,使其转变量明显增加;强磁场能够提高珠光体转变临界点,使50Si_2Mn_3在A1点以上等温过程中能够发生珠光体相变。     

一种在硅材料表面组装金纳米颗粒的新方法

以氯金酸、L-半胱氨酸为反应试剂,利用内电流和金硫自组装效应,在硅材料表面组装了较为均一的金纳米颗粒,并利用荧光分析与硅纳米线场效应晶体管对该方法进行了相关验证。结果表明:经氢氟酸处理后的硅材料,在氯金酸和L-半胱氨酸混合溶液中反应3min可在硅表面得到较为均匀、稳定的金纳米颗粒层,其中,氯金酸浓度为0.5mmol/L,氯金酸和L-半胱氨酸浓度比为3∶1。荧光分析表明该方法组装的金颗粒表面已氨基功能化,使得金纳米颗粒修饰的硅材料在应用于生物检测时可直接醛基化修饰蛋白,简化了实验操作。同时,该方法可以在硅纳米线场效应晶体管中特异性组装金纳米颗粒,有力地支持了相关器件在疾病检测方面的应用。     

低频电磁场对n-SiCp/2024复合材料组织与性能的影响

分别采用低频电磁铸造(LFEC)与传统半连续铸造(DC)制备n-SiC_p/2024复合材料铸锭,并对铸锭进行挤压以及T6热处理。通过金相组织观察(OM)、TEM、室温力学性能测试等手段,分别研究了低频电磁铸造与传统半连续铸造工艺对n-SiC_p/2024复合材料的微观组织、力学性能的影响情况。实验结果表明:DC制备的n-SiC_p/2024复合材料铸锭表面局部存在偏析瘤,大多数n-SiC_p团聚在晶界处,只有少数聚集在晶粒内部;LFEC制备的n-SiC_p/2024复合材料铸锭组织晶界清晰,n-SiC_p团聚现象基本消失,组织均匀,晶粒细化效果明显。LFEC制备工艺可以有效细化n-SiC_p/2024复合材料铸锭的晶粒尺寸,其电磁搅拌作用对消除n-SiC_p颗粒的团聚现象有显著作用;与DC工艺相比,LFEC可同时提高复合材料的强度与延伸率。     

基于喉部出口流场的核电机组凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流场数值研究

对凝汽器喉部流动进行数值模拟并提取数据,将喉部出口流场数据作为入口边界条件,对凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流场进行了更准确的数值模拟和研究。结果表明,入口蒸汽均匀分布情况下,蒸汽在4个管束模块区域均呈现向心式的流动趋势;蒸汽入口不均匀分布情况下,蒸汽在两侧蒸汽通道内和中间蒸汽通道内有下冲流动,形成了对管束模块的包绕流动。因此,对于开展与凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流场分布相关性能的研究,建议基于喉部出口流场对凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流动进行数值模拟。     

Energy coupled to matter for magnetic alignment of rare earth–doped alumina

Energy coupled to matter (ECM) concepts such as magnetic field–assisted processing were used to align rare earth–doped alumina ceramics in the presence of applied fields. The addition of gadolinium and ytterbium dopants to alumina increased the magnetic susceptibility anisotropies, and induced magnetic torques that led to significant alignment of ceramic particles under the application of magnetic fields as low as 1.8?T. In comparison, undoped alumina materials showed minimal alignment under applied field strengths as high as 9?T. Density function theory modeling indicated that the specific dopant type dictated changes in the magnetic properties of different rare earth–doped alumina systems by directly affecting the magnetic moment localization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy.     

Synergistic effects of micro-/nano-fillers on conductive and electromagnetic shielding properties of polypropylene nanocomposites

This study presents the synergistic effects of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and carbon fibers (CFs) additions on the electrical and electromagnetic shielding properties of GNS/CF/polypropylene (PP) composites. These composites were fabricated by the melt blending of different ratios of GNSs and CFs (20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 wt/wt%) into a PP polymer matrix using a Brabender mixer. Besides, the chemical and crystalline structures and the thermal stability of the resultant GNS/CF/PP composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FT-IR and XRD showed that with the addition of GNSs content, transmittances at 1373.4?cm^?1 and 1454.4?cm^?1 became smaller and the characteristic peak at 26.82° became stronger. TGA showed that the GNS/CF/PP composite can be used at high temperature below 456°C. Blending 10?wt% CFs and 10?wt% GNSs into the PP polymer resulted in excellent conductivity (0.397 S/cm), which indicated the occurrence of the critical percolation threshold phenomenon, and also reached the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of 20?dB at 1.28–2.00?GHz. Laminated with five layers of composites, its EMSE achieved 25–38?dB at 0.3–3.0?GHz, corresponding to blocking of 94.38–98.74% electromagnetic waves.     

Experimental Study on Tunable Electromagnetic Shielding by Microlattice Materials with Organized Microstructures

Porous metal materials are widely used for preventing electromagnetic interference, control of heat conduction and impact absorbing. However, a limitation associated with porous metals is that their irregular and non‐uniformal microstructures make their functions non‐desirably tunable. In this report, the authors propose a microlattice material with precisely controlled microstructures for electromagnetic (EM) shielding. An effective medium model taking into account of the EM stimulated surface current of the metal wires is developed to characterize the EM shielding effect of the microlattice metal. In addition, a compact and integrated measuring device is constructed by using a 3D printing method for experimental verification. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental measurement. The influence of the geometrical parameters of the microlattice metals on EM shielding effect is also studied. The theoretical model and the compact measuring system provide robust and efficient tools for the design of EM shielding materials.