物联网背景下的数字化油田站控系统

随着传感器、RFID、通信网络、云计算等新技术的成熟和日益普及,物联网技术的应用越来越广泛,并逐渐在数字化油田、数字化医疗、智能电网、智能交通等多个领域中应用。石油行业是一个跨学科、多专业相互配合的技术高度密集型行业,石油行业的信息化一直伴随着行业的发展,并发挥着巨大的作用。数字化油田是油田信息化的高级阶段,是油田信息化达到网络化、数字化、模型化和科学化的全新标志。通过应用驱动和技术研发创新引领的互动式发展,基于物联网技术的数字化油田建设,在油田数据采集、远程监测、物资管理以及地面全面信息化等领域有非常广阔的应用前景。     

旋转体点云分离与旋转轴提取

提出了一种基于线元几何与运动方程的旋转体点云数据特征分离与旋转轴提取算法。该算法将三维空间中的点云数据投影到线元空间中,通过拟合运动方程并分析运动特征参数而计算出旋转轴位置。算法使用基于特征约束的klo-RANSAC（k-local-RANSAC）算法将特征点从自由曲面背景以及噪声中提取和分离,进一步提高了算法的收敛速度与健壮性。实验证明,本算法无需精确估算曲面法矢即能快速地从海量点云数据中迅速地识别与分离具有旋转特征的数据点并提取其旋转轴特征。     

基于共享边的时延约束组播路由算法

为了优化在时延约束下的组播树代价,降低算法计算复杂度,研究了时延受限的Steiner树问题.分析了最短路径启发式(MPH)算法的执行过程,以此为基础提出一个基于共享边的时延约束组播路由算法ESAMPH.该算法在构建组播路由树时能够优先采用包含有较多的最短路径经过的节点,这样后面的组播成员节点到树上的最短路径也有可能经过这些节点,由此实现边的共享,降低了组播树的代价.仿真结果表明,ESAMPH算法在代价、延迟和计算时间之间能获得较好的平衡,综合性能较好.     

基于稀疏重建的信号DOA估计

从稀疏信号重建角度提出了一种改进的波达方向(DOA)估计方法。由于最小冗余线阵(MRLA)能以较少的阵元数获得较大的阵列孔径,将MRLA与l1-SVD方法相结合估计信号的DOA。仿真结果表明,经多次实验验证,所提方法是有效的,相比l1-SVD方法可以估计出更多信源的DOA,并且可以用较少的阵元数估计更多的信源DOA,具有信源过载能力。     

Analyzing the problem of unsustainable health information systems in less-developed economies: Case studies from Tanzania and Mozambique

Most of donor-supported information technology (IT)–based projects developed or implemented in less-developed economies (LDEs) end up as complete or partial failures or unsustainable. Notably, a number of intra-organizational and external factors are associated with this problem, including inadequate infrastructure and human resource capacity, fragmented donor policy, and lack of policies to manage the sustainability problem. Accordingly, IT initiatives are often donor-driven, top-down, and hijacked by top managers who (normally) do not have adequate skills, but have enormous power to enforce such initiatives across organizational hierarchies.

In analyzing the concepts from sustainability and institutionalization, key insights towards a better understanding of the problem of unsustainability are developed. It is argued that health information systems (HISs) become sustainable if they are institutionalized in the sense of being integrated into the everyday routine of the user organization. However, a sustainable HIS should also be flexible enough to allow changes as the user needs change. Moreover, introduction of a new HIS is not only a technical change, but requires the cultivation and institutionalization of a new kind of culture.

Through a comparative case analysis of the HIS development and implementation processes in Tanzania and Mozambique, we have identified two sets of relationships, between the Ministry of Health (MoH) and donor agencies and between the MoH and software development agencies as critical and contributing factors to the unsustainability of a HIS. Given this setting, we highlight three key strategies for dealing with the problem of unsustainability in LDEs: (a) integration of a HIS, (b) local shaping of new cultures, and (c) cultivation approach to systems development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Hierarchical entity-relationship diagrams: the model,method of creation and experimental evaluation

A bottom-up method for creating a hierarchy of entity-relationship diagrams (HERD) from a given, flat ER diagram (ERD) is proposed. The hierarchy consists of simple and interrelated diagrams—ER structures—with external relationships to other structures. The HERD-tree diagram, which provides the most general view of the conceptual schema, is located at the top of the hierarchy. The method is based on packaging operations, which group entities and relationships according to certain criteria. These operations are applied in several steps on a given (presumably large-scale) ERD. We describe the new constructs, which are added to the ER model to enable the creation of HERD, and a bottom-up method for creating HERD. We also evaluate HERD from the point of view of user comprehension and preference, based on an experimental comparison to flat ERDs.

一种针对图像模糊的无参考质量评价指标

在成像模型的基础上,分析了图像模糊的原因,提出了一种为图像构造参考图像的方法,进而将结构相似度(SSIM)评价方法引入到无参考图像质量评价中,提出一种无参考结构清晰度(NRSS)的新的无参考图像质量评价方法,将其用于对模糊图像的质量评价。该方法通过低通滤波器来构造参考图像,通过计算原始图像与参考图像的结构相似度值来评价原始图像质量,很好地结合了成像系统的数学模型和结构相似度评价方法的优势,实验结果表明无参考结构清晰度评价指标能够给出和主观评价方法以及其余有参考评价方法一致的结果。     

Calculation of derivative of complex modes using classical normal modes

In this paper, a method to calculate derivatives of eigenvectors of damped discrete linear dynamic system with respect to the system parameter is presented. Due to the non-proportional nature of the damping, the eigenvectors become complex, and as a consequence, the derivatives also become complex. The derivatives are calculated using small damping assumption, and the method avoids using the state-space approach. The results are obtained in terms of complex modes and frequencies of the second-order system, which in turn are related to the eigensolutions of the undamped system using perturbation method. Based on the derivatives, an expression for total change of the complex eigenvectors is obtained for a more general case when all the elements of mass, stiffness and damping matrices are varying. Application and accuracy of the derived expressions are demonstrated by considering numerical examples.     

无线传感器网络分层路由协议能量有效性研究

对无线传感器网络的路由协议进行了分析研究,重点对LEACH协议进行了深入的探讨,发现LEACH协议的随机选择簇头的方案没有做到最优,因为它在选择过程中没有考虑节点剩余能量,且簇头节点在与基站通信时采用单跳通信,针对LEACH存在的不足,进行了改进,提出了EECH协议。通过NS仿真比较表明,改进的协议有效地延长了网络的生存时间,提高了网络的效率。     

非精确计算中的实时数据库服务质量管理

传统的数据库已经不能满足仿真数据库对性能优化的要求。因此,提出了非精确计算中由反馈环节控制的实时调度算法。在这些研究的基础上对该方法提出了改进,提出了使其在各种负载条件下,通过在反馈控制中设定遗忘因子以及引入最大限度数据错误的平均值来减少系统的突变,增强了系统的稳定性,提高了实时系统服务质量。