实数编码量子共生演算法及其在云任务调度中的应用

针对共生演算法收敛慢和易陷入局部最优的问题,结合量子遗传算法理论,提出一种实数编码的量子共生演算法(real-coded quantum symbiotic organisms search,RQSOS)。首先依据三角模糊数提出差异度概念,并依此构造一个以自变量向量的分量和一对概率幅为等位基因的三倍染色体,使一条染色体携带更多信息并增强解的多样性;然后提出一种基于阿基米德螺旋线的探索学习模式,加强对解空间的探索精度;最后使用共生演算法更新差异度值并依据差异度值对种群进行学习和变异操作,促使整个种群快速向最优方向进化且减小了陷入局部最优的概率。利用数值优化问题和云任务调度问题对算法进行验证,仿真结果表明,RQSOS算法在收敛速度和寻优能力上均有明显提升,是一种可行有效的算法。     

基于加权的无人机集群组网分簇算法

在无人机集群组网中,节点的高速移动会造成网络拓扑结构更新频繁,使网络管理变得更加复杂。分簇能够增大网络容量,实现空间资源的复用,是优化网络管理的有效手段之一。针对大规模、高速移动的环境进行了研究,提出了一种多参数加权分簇算法。该算法将最大速度相似度分簇算法中的分簇指标引入到加权分簇算法中,并且对链路保持率、节点度差、节点剩余能量进行改进,综合考虑这四种参数,通过加权组合的方式选举具有最大权重的网络节点作为簇头。仿真结果表明,该分簇算法不仅能够减少簇的数量和簇间切换率,提高分簇的稳定性,而且能够延长最小节点生存时间,改善网络的整体续航能力。     

Pozzolanic properties of reject fly ash in blended cement pastes

Low-grade fly ash (reject fly ash, r-FA), a significant portion of the pulverized fuel ash (PFA) produced from coal-fired power plants and rejected from the ash classifying process, has remained unused due to its high carbon content and large particle size. But it may be used in certain areas, such as in solidification and stabilization processes of hazardous waste and materials for road base or subbase construction, which require relatively lower strength and reactivity. It is therefore necessary to extend research on the properties of r-FA and explore its possible applications. This paper presents experimental results of a study on the mechanical and hydration properties of cementitious materials prepared by blending r-FA with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Parallel mixes were also prepared with the good ash [i.e., classified fine fly ash (f-FA)] for comparison. Selective chemical activators were added to the mix to study the effects of the activators on the properties of the blend system. The results show that r-FA generally has a lower rate of hydration than f-FA particularly at the early stage of hydration. Adding Ca(OH)₂ alone almost had no effect on accelerating the hydration of r-FA. But adding a small quantity of Na₂SO₄ or K₂SO₄ together with Ca(OH)₂ significantly accelerated the hydration reaction. The results of the compressive strength measurement correlated nicely with the degree of hydration results. It was also found that water-to-binder ratio (w/b) was an important factor in affecting the strength development and the hydration degree of r-FA pastes.     

基于变权灰色关联法的长江荆南三口地区水资源短缺程度分析

对荆南三口地区水资源短缺程度进行分析研究,为实现区域水资源可持续合理利用提供科学依据。在水资源短缺评价研究中,前期研究成果大多采用常权法确定评价指标,致使评价指标产生状态失衡。将变权理论引入到水资源短缺程度分析中,从而确定评价指标变权重,并结合灰色关联法,构建水资源短缺程度分析的变权灰色关联法模型并加以应用。最终得出荆南三口地区三县的水资源短缺程度均为轻度缺水,其缺水程度排序为:华容县南县安乡县。利用变权灰色关联法计算水资源短缺程度,方法可行,结果合理,满足了评价指标均衡性要求。     

真空粉末绝热低温贮罐制造的部分工艺方法

在真空粉末绝热低温贮罐的制造过程中、通过吸附器分子筛的活化、夹层真空系统的处理和充装珠光砂等工艺方法的改进,可较大地缩短产品的制造周期并提高产品的质量。     

工业装置爆炸事故过程与机理分析(续)

爆炸事故是工业装置和工业过程危害最大的灾害形式。研究和掌握工业装置爆炸机理与过程规律以及预防措施是工业装置安全生产运行的核心技术之一。文章从工业装置爆炸能量、爆炸机理及转换条件等总体结构方面作了一般性的表层分析。     

安全本质的再认识与当代安全问题

从现代科学的角度揭示和分析安全的本质含义。安全本质应该包括：一是预知、预测、分析危险；二是限制、控制、消除危险。当人们讲到危险的时候，实际上是在研究危险。安全的含义随着人类社会经济的发展而变化。当代事故的灾害性、社会性、突发性是由于事故过程的技术密集性和物质高能性引起的。本文从现代科学技术和社会经济发展的基本经济规律出发，分析当代事故的本质特性。     

Mixing in Wave Processes Propagating in Gas Mixtures (Review)

A review is made of uptodate investigations in the field of physicomathematical modeling of mixing of solid particles with highvelocity gas flows arising under the action on shock waves, compression waves, and expansion waves on unstable dust deposits on the boundaries of channels or plates and in cavities, as well as on free clouds of particles. In particular, experiments in shock tubes with particles initially located in cavities and on surfaces are described. The experimental data presented in the form of distributions of particle concentrations at various points of space above the unstable layer, pressure distributions on the lower wall of the shock tube, etc., are used for verification of proposed mathematical models in regimes of single particles, interacting continua, and turbulent diffusion. An analysis of experimental and numerical data shows that the models considered sometimes allow adequate identification of the wave structure of motion of the mixture and the field of parameters inside and outside the layer.     

Flood hazard maps in the European context

The implementation of the EU Floods Directive by water authorities across Europe has generated a lack of consistency in the present situation, especially regarding the scales adopted, the hydrological scenarios and the elements represented on flood hazard and risk maps. From the EU-funded project HYTECH, this article presents a general overview of Floods Directive implementation in eight European countries, highlighting the differences between them, with particular attention to flood hazard maps. For the implementation cycle that started at the beginning of 2016, a minimization of such differences is necessary in order to manage flood risk in a better and more integrated way.     

挡水结构水下爆炸作用的离心模型试验

水下爆炸包括冲击波和气泡脉动,两者能量相当,均会对结构产生毁伤作用。水下爆炸载荷试验唯有在离心机内才满足相似关系,设计试验时宜在离心机负载范围内尽可能增加模型尺寸以减小边界效应。针对挡水结构,在离心机内布置压力传感器、高速摄像机、加速度计及应变片测试了冲击波、气泡脉动载荷及结构产生的动力响应。通过试验对比了水下爆炸和空爆产生的载荷,分析其引起结构动力响应的差异。对于水下爆炸,重力加速度的增加引起气泡脉动冲量的减小,而气泡脉动产生的峰值应变基本与气泡冲量呈线性关系,因而模拟气泡脉动对结构作用时应考虑重力效应。