伊犁灌区建设存在的问题与对策

伊犁河流域灌区目前主要的问题是灌溉面积较小、灌溉水利用率低、生态与环境恶化、管理机制不合理.在建设中首先要以改造老灌区为主，全面配套灌区建筑物、提高渠系水利用率，大力发展节水灌溉，提高田间水利用率．同时要加强灌区的管理，在开发中应该以保护当地的生态与环境为主。     

大坝安全监测系统评价体系

在梳理国内外大坝安全监测相关规范及实践经验基础上,研究提出大坝安全监测系统评价总体框架安全监测设施可靠性及完备性、监测系统运行维护和自动化系统评价要素及评价方法等。大坝安全监测系统评价内容包括监测设施完备性评价、监测设施运行维护评价和自动化系统评价。监测设施完备性评价基于监测设施考证资料、现场检查与测试以及历史测值分析等方法,评价为可靠或基本可靠的监测设施是否满足大坝安全监控要求;监测设施运行维护评价包括运行管理保障、观测与维护以及资料整编分析等;监测自动化系统评价内容包括数据采集装置、计算机及通信设施、信息采集与管理软件、运行条件和运行维护等方面。监测系统综合评价分为正常、基本正常和不正常3个等级。评价为正常,应继续运行;评价为基本正常,可继续运行,但应及时修复完善;评价为不正常,需及时更新改造。     

基于SERVQUAL模型的水上娱乐设施设计研究

目的 由于水上娱乐设施具有普适性,而各景区气候、地形、水系和发展重点不同,本文以木兰天池水上娱乐设施为例,旨在为其提出设计优化策略并对其进行设计研究。方法 首先,提取自然环境要素因子和娱乐设施要素因子,得出综合要素因子分类,即人员服务、设施服务、设施安全;其次,以SERVQUAL模型的五个维度为基准,构建出服务评价量表并采用选项隶属度计算进行筛选,得出最终服务评价量表;随后运用调查问卷、信度效度分析、因子分析;最后,计算出各指标感知与期望的差值。结果 舒适度、分流分区、环境安全、材料材质安全、结构安全、维护维修是木兰天池景区水上娱乐设施的主要设计要素,以此进行木兰天池景区水上娱乐设施设计研究。结论 此方法为设计景区同类水上娱乐设施提供了理论依据。     

基于微更新理念的上海公共电话亭再设计

目的 以上海新华街道为研究对象,对微更新理念下大型城市的社区公共设施进行设计重构,以期提升其利用率。方法 利用Citespace对社区微更新的研究现状进行分析,以PSPL法为指导理论进行具体实践调研,发现现存痛点,通过问卷、访谈等方式搜集相关需求后,使用TOPSIS法将设计需求定量分析得出亟待解决的需求,为设计重构提供依据,以实现老旧公共设施再造、提高居民生活质量的目的。结果 基于Citespace得出目前我国社区微更新领域的研究趋向于公共设施,而上海新华街道的公共设施以公共电话亭为代表,具有使用率低的痛点,通过TOPSIS分析得出居民对其改造的6点需求,从外观和功能上对公共电话亭进行再设计。结论 结合社区微更新理念和居民的需求对新华街道老旧公共电话亭进行再设计,有助于保留街道特色、提高老旧公共设施的利用率,具有一定的价值,对公共设施设计重构和微更新理念的结合有借鉴意义。     

A graphical approach for confidence limits of optimal preventive maintenance cycles

Facilities management (FM) is the management of infrastructure resources and services to support and sustain the operational strategy of an organization over time. Maintenance is often the business process that has not been optimized and is considered as a liability of business operations. Therefore, extensive studies have been done to determine the optimal replacement interval for irreparable parts of repairable systems where typically the time between failures is characterized by lifetime distribution in which the parameters are estimated from failure data. As a result, the optimal preventive maintenance (PM) interval computed is exposed to sampling risk as the repair cost and failure data used for estimation are typically highly censored due to issues related to data collection and unobserved failures. In this paper, we present a graphical approach to obtain the confidence interval for the optimal PM interval that resulted from sampling variations parameter estimates. The proposed methodology is applied in the context of FM as a strategy for opportunistic replacement and for the purpose of validating the cost components in maintenance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅淡项目实施过程中造价控制

文中从项目设施过程中造价控制的具体做法出发，体现项目建设阶段的造价控制指导思想和基本原则，以期对同类建设工程能有所借鉴。     

Movable roof insulation in hot climates

This paper presents the results of experiments on the effect of a system of movable insulation – with and without a roof pond – on temperature and heat flow at the ceiling surfaces of air conditioned and unconditioned rooms in buildings roofed with thick reinforced concrete which are exposed to extremes of hot and cold weather. Results indicate that there is considerable merit in adopting such a system, particularly in hot, dry conditions, in addition to the limited benefits of harnessing solar energy in winter conditions.

The experiments were carried out at the Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, UP, India. Mr Rao is at present working as an associate professor in the Department of Building Science, Faculty of Architecture, University of Singapore.     

Soil metal concentrations and toxicity: Associations with distances to industrial facilities and implications for human health

Urban and rural areas may have different levels of environmental contamination and different potential sources of exposure. Many metals, i.e., arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), have well-documented negative neurological effects, and the developing fetus and young children are particularly at risk. Using a database of mother and child pairs, three areas were identified: a rural area with no increased prevalence of mental retardation and developmental delay (MR/DD) (Area A), and a rural area (Area B) and an urban area (Area C) with significantly higher prevalence of MR/DD in children as compared to the state-wide average. Areas were mapped and surface soil samples were collected from nodes of a uniform grid. Samples were analyzed for As, barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Pb, manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and Hg concentrations and for soil toxicity, and correlated to identify potential common sources. ArcGIS^® was used to determine distances between sample locations and industrial facilities, which were correlated with both metal concentrations and soil toxicity. Results indicated that all metal concentrations (except Be and Hg) in Area C were significantly greater than those in Areas A and B (p ≤ 0.0001) and that Area C had fewer correlations between metals suggesting more varied sources of metals than in rural areas. Area C also had a large number of facilities whose distances were significantly correlated with metals, particularly Cr (maximum r = 0.33; p = 0.0002), and with soil toxicity (maximum r = 0.25; p = 0.007) over a large spatial scale. Arsenic was not associated with distance to any facility and may have a different anthropogenic, or natural source. In contrast to Area C, both rural areas had lower concentrations of metals, lower soil toxicity, and a small number of facilities with significant associations between distance and soil metals.     

大型保障性住房社区规划设计实践——南京迈皋桥创业园丁家庄经济适用房社区

通过丁家庄经济适用房的规划设计实践,探索大型保障房社区持之有效的住宅规划模式,结合绿色建筑的评价标准,打造可持续发展的节能省地型社区。＂街坊式＂布局在大型社区中的成功运用,从而解决了不同人群的混居问题,解决了当地的就业和安居的平衡。