华北电厂源对北京及周边地区SO_2影响

采用MM5、Models-3/CMAQ耦合模型系统,模拟了河北、天津、山西、内蒙古4省市电厂源排放对北京及周边地区SO2质量浓度影响.模拟结果表明,电厂源对华北地区SO2年均贡献质量浓度高值多出现在电厂密集、污染物排放量大的地区,且从南到北呈递减趋势,北京城区、北京全市1月月均贡献质量浓度分别为7.63和7.13μg/m3,4月分别为5.54和5.37μg/m3,7月分别为3.02和3.68μg/m3,10月分别为7.49和7.53μg/m3,年均贡献质量浓度分别为5.92和5.93μg/m3,其中日均最大贡献质量浓度出现在1月,为30.1和19.1μg/m3,分别占国家空气质量二级标准的20.1%和12.7%.研究表明,华北地区电厂源排放对北京市SO2空气质量影响是不能忽视的,能够促使和加剧北京市的大气环境污染.     

纳米碳管的非线性热电传输

利用Landauer-Büttiker公式对金属导线/单臂纳米碳管/金属导线结构的热电传输进行理论计算.在有限温度梯度下,利用迭代法计算非线性热电势和热电导,研究表明,热电势和热电导与系统电子的传输行为密切相关,热电势随系统化学势的变化而振荡,且可为正也可为负值,这种行为完全依赖于电子电导的变化.研究结果对分子器件热传输的实际应用有意义.     

变电站远程监控系统研究

研究了分布式Web计算技术开发远程监控系统的关键技术,就基于IP网络实现变电站远程监控的主要思路和技术问题进行说明和分析讨论.从信道带宽、网络机制、远动协议、信息安全等多方面讨论了IP网络传输时保证远动QoS的措施方法以及IP网络传输对信息安全的防护措施.     

超低功耗智能监护报警器研究与设计

该文针对现有国内婴幼儿智能护理产品的优缺点,深入分析了如何防止睡觉受凉和尿床等问题,并对国外婴幼儿护理产品和婴幼儿护理理论进行了深入研究,设计了一种新型的智能化监护报警器。该报警器以低成本的松翰单片机为核心,采用纽扣电池供电,实现了超低功耗设计。实验表明,该装置集尿湿报警、走失报警、踢被报警、发烧报警和人工呼救多功能于一体,在具有使用安全、性能可靠、低功耗、报警及时、准确等优点的同时,还具有极好的性价比。     

基于PXA310的多功能数码相框硬件平台开发

该文介绍了一种多功能数码相框的硬件平台。平台采用Marvell公司的高性能嵌入式处理器PXA310为核心,并对电源管理、音频、液晶屏、高速USB等模块进行调试,最终完成了平台的开发。该多功能数码相框平台具有功能齐全、功耗低,集成度高等特点,不仅可以作为家庭装饰品,还可以用作广告牌。经实际使用效果良好。     

Simulation and optimization of SOFC-BCHP system

As the prime motor of dispersed energy system, the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are high efficient with large heat recovery. This study presents a simulation of SOFC building-based cooling, heat and power (BCHP) system, which can meet basic requirements in power and heating (cooling) of the designated customers. The peak power load can be met by power grid, while the peak heating (cooling) load requirement can be met by backup equipments. In order to solve the economic dispatch problem of the energy system, a restricted nonlinear optimization model has been developed. The production costs can be minimized via both the equality constraints of customer’s heat and power demands, and other inequality constrains of equipments’ capacities. The sequential quadratic programming method has been used to search the solution. The study indicates that the model can be used to optimize the system’s capacities and run strategy. An office building case has been computed, and it is indicated that the model can be served in design and optimization of SOFC-BCHP system.     

Numerical analysis on Joule heating of double-loop channel induction furnaces

In order to investigate Joule heating power, a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) was developed to predict Joule heating power in the channels of double-loop inductor. The simulated results were compared with experimental data from low load trials for a 400 kW inductor. The results, such as power factor and Joule heating power, show reasonable correlation with experimental data, and Joule heating rate reaches the maximum at the corners and the minimum at the centre of the cross-section area. With increasing relative permeability of iron core, length of coils, current frequency and resistivity of metal melt, the power factor and Joule heating power change. It is concluded that current frequency, the resistivity and length of the coil play a critical role in determining the power factor and Joule heating power, whereas relative permeability of the magnetic core shows no significant influence on them.     

Carburization of ferrochromium metals in chromium ore fines containing coal during voluminal reduction by microwave heating

Chromium ore fines containing coal (COFCC) can be rapidly heated by microwave to conduct the voluminal reduction, which lays a foundation of getting sponge ferrochromium powders with a lower content of C. Under the conditions of COFCC with n(O):n(C) (molar ratio) as 1.00:0.84 and n(SiO₂):n(CaO) as 1.00:0.39, the samples were heated by 10 kW microwave power to reach the given temperatures and held for different times respectively. The results show that the low-C-Cr ferrochromium metal phase in the reduced materials forms before the high-C-Cr ferrochromium metal phase does. With increasing temperature the C content of ferrochromium metals is in a positive correlation with the content of Cr. The C content of ferrochromium metal in reduced materials is 0–10.07% with an average value of 4.68%. With the increase of holding time the Cr content in ferrochromium metals is in a negative correlation with the content of C, while the content of Fe changes in the contrary way. In the microwave field the kinetic conditions of carburization are closely related with the temperature of microwave heating, holding time and carbon fitting ratio. Foundation item: Project(50474083) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project supported by the Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. of China     

Power management unit chip design for automobile active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display module

A power management unit (PMU) chip supplying dual panel supply voltage, which has a low electro-magnetic interference (EMI) characteristic and is favorable for miniaturization, is designed. A two-phase charge pump circuit using external pumping capacitor increases its pumping current and works out the charge-loss problem by using bulk-potential biasing circuit. A low-power start-up circuit is also proposed to reduce the power consumption of the band-gap reference voltage generator. And the ring oscillator used in the ELVSS power circuit is designed with logic devices by supplying the logic power supply to reduce the layout area. The PMU chip is designed with MagnaChip’s 0.25 μm high-voltage process. The driving currents of ELVDD and ELVSS are more than 50 mA when a SPICE simulation is done.     

Average cluster sizes and cluster size distributions of superfine nickel particles in light media

Effects of shear rates on average cluster sizes (ACSs) and cluster size distributions (CSDs) in uni- and bi-systems of partly charged superfine nickel particles were investigated by Brownian dynamics, and clustering properties in these systems were compared with those in non-polar systems. The results show that the ACSs in bi-polar systems are larger than those in the non-polar systems. In uni-polar systems the behavior of clustering property differs: at the lower ionic concentration (10%), repulsive force is not strong enough to break clusters, but may greatly weaken them. The clusters are eventually cracked into smaller ones only when concentration of uni-polar charged particles is large enough. In this work, the ionic concentration is 20%. The relationship between ACS and shear rates follows power law in a exponent range of 0.176–0.276. This range is in a good agreement with the range of experimental data, but it is biased towards the lower limit slightly. Foundation item: Projects(50474037, 50874087) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (BK2006078) supported by the Natural Scientific Funds of Jiangsu Province, China