Structure stability and configuration evolution of Al_n(n=3, 4, 6, 13, 19) clusters

As a special phase in the process of transformation from atoms or molecules to bulk materials, a cluster represents an original state of a condensed matter. For studies on structures and properties of clusters it is a basic problem to investigate how atoms or molecules form clusters and what changes will take place during the configuration evolu- tion of clusters. Recently Aln clusters attract many researchers’ attention because of its simple electronic structures and unique conductive charac…     

Is High TC Possible in (Ga,Mn)N?: Monte Carlo Simulation vs. Mean Field Approximation

The magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) are calculated from first-principles by mapping the ab initio results on a classical Heisenberg model. By using the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent potential approximation method within the local density approximation, the electronic structure of (Ga,Mn)N and (Ga,Mn)As is calculated. Effective exchange coupling constants J_ijs are calculated by using the formula of Liechtenstein et al. (A.~I. Liechtenstein, M. I. Katsnelson, V. P. Antropov, and V. A. Gubanov, 1987, J.~Magn. Magn. Mater. Vol. 67, p. 65). It is found that the range of the exchange interaction in (Ga,Mn)N is very short due to the exponential decay of the impurity wave function in the gap. On the other hand, in (Ga,Mn)As, the interaction is weaker but long ranged because the extended valence hole states mediate the ferromagnetic interaction. Monte Carlo simulations show that the T_C values of (Ga,Mn)N are very low since percolation is difficult to achieve for small concentrations and the mean field approximation strongly overestimates T_C. Even in (Ga,Mn)As the percolation effect is still important.     

Li+嵌Al反应的热力学分析及实验研究

利用第一原理赝势平面波方法计算了Al-Li合金中3种平衡相AlLi、Al2Li3和Al4Li9的形成焓,得出AlLi相的形成焓最低,表明当Li 嵌入Al电极时,优先形成AlLi相。为了验证上述结论,将Al薄片与金属锂对电极组成扣式电池,对Al电极进行电化学性能测试和结构表征。实验结果与理论计算的结果相吻合,表明可以采用第一原理赝势平面波方法预测铝作锂离子电池负极时的电化学反应性能。     

原子层沉积技术改性CrN硬质涂层性能的第一性原理研究

目的 基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,对原子层改性氮化铬(CrN)涂层的关键性能进行仿真计算,以充分了解涂层微观组织结构演变和微观界面结构本质,为后续原子层沉积CrN工艺研究提供理论指导.方法 通过建立CrN(011)-CrN(011)复合体系模型,分析计算了涂层的界面性能、弹性性能及热力学性能.结果 模型结构经过优化后,各原子层间间距均发生不同程度的减小,且各层间距趋于一致.态密度分析表明:其优良的结构稳定性主要来自6.4～4.8 eV范围内Cr原子3d轨道和N原子2p轨道间的相互作用;基于应力应变的弹性常数满足波恩准则判定依据,力学性能稳定,计算结果为硬度30.29 GPa,体积模量409.83 GPa,剪切模量270.86 GPa.采用NVT系综模拟,当温度T≤1023 K时,温度波动振荡收敛;当温度T>1023 K时,温度在某个时间点瞬时激增而不收敛,可以得出CrN涂层的极限使用温度为1023 K.结论 原子层沉积改性的CrN硬质涂层具有优良的界面相容性,成键强度高,界面能低,结构性能稳定.     

铁链镶嵌锯齿形氮化硼纳米带半金属铁磁性的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理,研究了铁链单侧边界钝化型的锯齿形氮化硼纳米带（简称为Fe-terminated ZBNNRs）和铁链连接型的锯齿形氮化硼纳米带（简称为Fe-jointed ZBNNRs）的电子结构及磁性。Fe-terminated ZBNNRs 对于不同带宽的BN纳米带都是半导体型的,而Fe-jointed ZBNNRs 对于不同带宽的BN纳米带则为半金属型。这两种 结构各自的磁性主要都是来自于所掺杂的铁原子。Fe-jointed ZBNNRs 的半金属性源自Fe原子的3d轨道与N原子的2p轨道间的强耦合作用。通过分子动力学模拟,证实了该 结构在常温下可以稳定存在。Fe-jointed-ZBNNRs 对于两种不同自旋方向电子的选择过滤作用可以被应用于自旋电子学器件的设计。其它各种不同的过渡金属所形成的连接型的锯齿形氮化硼纳米带（简称为M-jointed ZBNNRs）既可以是金属型的、半金属型的,也可以是半导体型的。     

Tc-P共掺杂单层MoS2光电特性的第一性原理计算

采用第一性原理的赝势平面波方法,对比研究了未掺杂和掺杂过渡金属Tc、非金属P及Tc-P共掺杂的单层MoS2的电子结构和光学性质.计算结果表明:掺杂改变了费米面附近的电子结构,使得导带向低能方向偏移,并且带隙由K点转化为Γ点,形成Γ点的直接带隙半导体.掺杂P使带隙值变小,形成p型半导体;掺杂Tc使带隙变宽,形成n型半导体;Tc-P共掺杂,由于p型和n型半导体相互调制,使得单层MoS2转变为性能更优的本征半导体;掺杂使光跃迁强度减小,且向低能方向偏移.     

第一性原理计算Mo含量及压力对CrZrNbTiMox难熔高熵合金性能的影响

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究Mo含量和压力对CrZrNbTiMo_x难熔高熵合金相结构、弹性常数和弹性模量的影响。计算了CrZrNbTiMo_x难熔高熵合金的混合焓(ΔH_mix)、混合熵(ΔS_mix)、原子半径差(δ)、价电子浓度(VEC)以及参数Ω。结果表明,CrZrNbTiMo_x难熔高熵合金主要以单一的BCC无序固溶体结构为主。随着Mo含量的增加,合金的晶格畸变不断减小,但力学性能稳定且始终以金属键结合。Mo的添加对合金的抗体积变形能力提升较大、对抗切应变能力及刚度影响较小,合金表现为韧性材料。在0～25 GPa压力作用下,CrZrNbTiMo_0.6合金表现出优异的相稳定性和力学稳定性,体弹性模量(B)增幅较小,剪切弹性模量(G)、杨氏模量(E)变化较小;泊松比μ及G/B计算结果表明合金为韧性材料。     

Sn含量对Zr-Sn-0.2Fe-0.1Cr合金高温蒸气氧化行为的影响

锆合金的高温蒸气氧化行为是失水事故下需要重点关注的问题之一。为了研究Sn对锆合金高温蒸气氧化行为的影响,开展了不同Sn含量的SH12(Zr-0.75Sn-0.2Fe-0.1Cr,质量分数,%)和Zr-4(Zr-1.5Sn-0.2Fe-0.1Cr)合金在模拟失水事故工况下1000、1050、1100和1200℃的高温蒸气氧化试验。采用光学显微镜、电子探针、显微硬度计分析了氧化样品的显微组织以及氧化前后样品的显微硬度。结果表明：低Sn的SH12比高Sn的Zr-4合金的抗高温蒸气氧化性能更好,这说明降低Sn含量可以改善锆合金的抗高温蒸气氧化性能。氧化前,SH12合金的显微硬度低于Zr-4合金,而氧化后SH12合金基体的显微硬度明显高于Zr-4合金,与氧化后SH12合金基体中的氧含量高于Zr-4合金的结果相吻合,这说明Sn有抑制氧在Zr基体中扩散的作用。通过第一性原理计算,发现Sn容易与O结合,从而抑制了O在锆基体中的扩散,这合理解释了氧化后SH12合金中的氧含量比Zr-4合金高的原因。     

Antiferroelectricity of NaNbO3: Single-crystal experimental study and first-principles calculation

Similar to the canonical antiferroelectric (AFE) compound PbZrO₃ in Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ solid-solutions, the presence of double hysteresis loops and that of electric field–induced phase transitions are important characteristics of NaNbO₃ AFE materials; yet the phase transition behavior in the latter system is typically irreversible with the related mechanisms not fully understood. Here, we explore the phase transition mechanism of ferroelectric and AFE phases in NaNbO₃ based on measurements of single crystals with different directions in conjunction with density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The tilting and distortion behaviors of the [NbO₆] octahedra are explained by DFT, and the ion displacement in the lattice is traced. The tilting and distortion behaviors of the [NbO₆] octahedra with different orientations are compared. We confirm that the tilt and distortion of the [NbO₆] octahedra along the [1 1 1] direction is the main reason to improve the stability of AFE phase. This conclusion is verified by the experimental characterizations of large-size NaNbO₃ single crystals successfully obtained in this study.