新型热熔整体式塑料排水板研制

新型热熔整体式塑料排水板是河海大学研制的用于软土地基加固处理的一种新材料。在介绍新型热熔整体式塑料排水板的结构、原材料、生产工艺的基础上,对其性能进行了较全面的试验研究。结果表明:新型热熔整体式塑料排水板优于目前广泛使用的分体式塑料排水板,具有整体性好、抗拉强度高、排水量大、耐久性好等优点。     

从息壤到土工合成材料

据说息壤是一种可以自生自长的土,远古的先民们曾用它防治洪水。对这种传说中的岩土材料进行了考据,根据河狸坝与我国古代的治河工程,指出所谓息壤应当是古代人们利用草、木、竹、石、土创造出来的加筋土,用以拦截阻挡洪水。秦汉时期称为茨防,宋代称为埽工。回顾了我国土工加筋及其在河工中应用的长远历史,指出土工合成材料在保护环境、保护资源和我国经济可持续发展中应用的广阔前景。     

土工合成材料在城市固体垃圾填埋场中的应用

对一系列新型化工产品———土工合成材料在城市固体垃圾填埋场中的应用 ,特别对其中土工织物 (GT)、土工膜 (GM)、土工合成材料粘土垫 (GCL)、土工网 (GN)、土工复合材料 (GC)以及土工泡沫 (GF)等在填埋场衬垫、封盖系统中的应用作了全面的总结 ,详尽地分析了各种材料的主要用途     

道路用应力吸收材料的发展现状

反射裂缝是沥青路面的主要病害之一,而设置应力吸收层是预防和延缓反射裂缝的重要手段。介绍了4种主要应力吸收材料的组成、作用机理、国内外发展和应用现状,分析了其优缺点,并对应力吸收材料在我国的发展作了展望。     

氯化钙-腐殖酸活化作用下土壤Cd的电动脱除性能

为了提高稻田土壤Cd的去除率,同时减小对土壤pH值的影响,采用氯化钙-腐殖酸复合活化液增强土壤Cd的可移动性,基于电动土工合成材料(EKG)电动排水脱除土壤Cd,重点考察了不同活化剂浓度和活化时间下,土壤有效态Cd含量以及土壤pH值的变化,研究了活化-电动排水后土壤Cd的电动脱除量、土壤全Cd含量、有效态Cd含量、土壤pH值的变化。研究结果表明:0.5%氯化钙-1%腐殖酸对土壤Cd的活化效果最佳,土壤有效态Cd含量可从0.30 mg/kg提高至0.44 mg/kg,而活化处理后的土壤pH值仅降低约0.4;排尽上覆水后,通过电动排水可进一步脱除土壤Cd,土壤Cd的电动脱除量为上覆水中Cd含量的3倍左右;活化-电动排水后,土壤全Cd含量从1.72 mg/kg降低至1.20 mg/kg左右,土壤有效态Cd含量降至0.27~0.31 mg/kg,各截面土壤pH值较为均一且变化不明显,介于5.45~6.30之间。研究所提出的方法可最大限度地脱除土壤Cd,提高稻田土壤Cd的去除率,同时减小对土壤pH值的影响,一定程度上保证了农作物的安全生产。     

土工合成材料在广州水利工程中的应用介绍

土工合成材料在广州水利工程中的应用越来越广泛,结合具体工程案例介绍土工合成材料在广州水利工程应用的一些经验体会。土工布在水利工程中广泛应用于反滤设计,但应注意施工时被水泥浆浸泡导致排水失效的情况;土工布还可用于局部软土地基处理,但沉降量较大、沉降历时较长;在防冲槽等防冲设施与地基土之间设置土工布可有效保护基土免于冲刷破坏;土工充填袋已广泛应用于围堰和抢险工程,但由于对土工袋质量和耐久性的担心,目前还较少应用于堤防工程。同时,介绍了聚苯乙烯板块(EPS)应用于软基水闸引堤处理的实例,强调EPS应用于堤防工程要注意对表面进行覆盖保护并做好抗浮计算;介绍利用加筋技术的生态挡墙和生态袋防护技术在广州河道护岸工程中的应用情况,但由于对袋体质量和耐久性的担心影响了生态袋防护技术的推广。     

Electrokinetic geosynthetics in hydraulic applications

In use most geosynthetics play a passive role. New applications for geosynthetics have been identified if they can provide an active role, initiating biological, chemical or physical change to the matrix in which it is installed as well as providing the established functions. This can be achieved by combining the electrokinetic phenomena of electro-osmosis, electrophoresis and associated electrokinetic functions such as electrolysis with the traditional functions of geosynthetics of drainage, filtration, containment and reinforcement to form electokinetic geosynthetics (EKG). Electrokinetic geosynthetics can be made singly or from combinations of woven, non-woven, needle punched knitted, extruded or laminated materials and can be formed in any 2D or 3D shape.The majority of the uses of EKG are in hydraulic applications or applications with a significant hydraulic component. These can be grouped in separate engineering categories such as civil, mining, and water engineering. The concept of electrokinetic geosynthetics is described and details of applications and case studies are provided in the paper.     

加筋路堤下桩式复合地基的桩土应力比计算

近年来工程中修建了越来越多的桩承式加筋路堤。选取单桩影响范围的复合土体为研究对象,假定桩间土上部水平加筋材料受上覆土压力作用后变形为二次抛物面,考虑水平加筋材料对桩顶的作用力,通过建立整体平衡方程,推导出了加筋路堤下桩式复合地基的桩土应力比的解析表达式。通过算例进行验证,表明该计算方法是合理可靠的,最后分析了各参数对桩土应力比的影响,得到了一些变化规律。     

土工合成材料流变参数合理选择的研究

工程中应用土工合成材料时必需考虑其流变特性的影响,流变特性一般指蠕变、松弛、长期强度等方面的性质。当前在土工合成材料设计强度值的选择中,为考虑蠕变影响,往往对其极限强度乘一个蠕变折减系数后加以使用。这个系数如何取值对工程的安全性和经济性影响很大。由于对该系数研究不够,国际和国内都存在很大分歧,一般都取得十分保守。土工合成材料蠕变试验成果表明,蠕变的影响与作用的荷载水平关系很大,当荷载水平小于某一临界值时,材料的变形将渐趋稳定,不会导致蠕变破坏。而根据国内外大量工程实测资料表明,加筋土结构中筋材所受的力很小,仅及设计预测值的几分之一,甚至只有5%,变形也远低于预测值,筋材最大的受力和变形发生在施工结束时。同时,实测资料表明,土体中筋材存在松弛现象,它将减轻蠕变的影响。根据有关的机理分析、试验数据和实测资料,对筋材强度折减系数的合理取值提出了建议。     

Improved estimates of power consumption during dewatering of mine tailings using electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKGs)

Electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKGs) were developed about a decade ago, producing a material that did not experience the same corrosion problems as metal electrodes when used in electro-osmotic (EO) dewatering applications. The conductive polymeric material from which EKGs are made has the additional advantage of being able to be formed into a variety of shapes, including drainage tubes such as those used in this study. One of the primary concerns regarding EO dewatering applications is the rate of energy consumption. This paper reports experiments at three different scales, on different mine tailings materials, that illustrates the potentially misleading results obtained from small scale laboratory tests. Using large, outdoor tests, power consumption rates for treating a kaolinitic mineral sands tailings and a smectitic diamond tailings were found to be up to 30 times lower than the power consumption rates obtained from laboratory tests using small samples in a purpose built EO cell. The primary reason for the improved performance is thought to be the lower voltage gradient used in the field tests, plus the geometric advantages offered by a field layout where a greater volume of material is exposed to the EO effect than only the material directly between the electrodes, which is the case in the EO cell tests. Finally, in the field tests the EO treatment caused the early development of vertical cracks in the tailings, resulting in increased exposure of the tailings to the effects of solar drying. This effect cannot obviously be reproduced in the EO cell laboratory tests, and can be a major advantage for the in situ treatment of mine tailings lagoons, where in some materials the onset of cracking is significantly delayed by the development of an impermeable surface crust.