土工合成材料加筋垫层承载力计算

土工合成材料在工程中应用日益广泛,但目前对加筋垫层的研究较少。通过理论分析和试验研究,提出了两种计算加筋垫层承载力的方法:一种为特征值法,一种为改进的太沙基公式法。在天然地基承载力计算的基础上考虑了筋材的加筋作用,同时定义了多层加筋时的筋材强度发挥系数并给出了其一般取值范围。计算结果和试验所测数据较吻合。结果表明这两种方法均可用于加筋垫层承载力的计算,从而为加筋垫层承载力的计算开辟了新的途径。     

Mechanistic-based comparisons of stabilised base and granular surface layers of low-volume roads

Granular surface and base layers of low-volume roads (LVRs) are frequently subjected to severe damage that adversely affects safety and requires regular repair and maintenance. Various stabilisation methods have been evaluated for mitigating damage and improving serviceability of LVR systems. However, few well-documented comparisons exist of the field mechanical performance, durability and construction costs of different stabilisation methods under the same set of geological, climate, and traffic conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the most effective and economical among several stabilisation methods for repairing or reconstructing granular surface and base layers of LVRs. In this study, a range of promising technologies from a comprehensive literature review was selected and examined using field demonstration sections. A total of nine geomaterials, three chemical stabilisers, and three types of geosynthetics were used to construct various test sections over a 3.22 km stretch of granular-surfaced road. Extensive falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and dynamic cone penetrometer tests were performed to evaluate the multilayered elastic moduli and strengths of the various sections. This paper details the design and construction of each test section, compares the as-constructed mechanistic performance of all test sections, and assesses stiffness changes of several sections one year after construction. To provide a statistical basis for the comparisons, a pairwise multiple-comparison procedure applied for unequal sample sizes and variances and the paired t-test were used to analyse the FWD test results, demonstrating that the performance measures of the various sections were significantly different.     

加筋挡土墙长期工作性能的黏弹塑性有限元分析

随着工程上的广泛应用，作为设计中的关键技术问题之一，土工合成材料加筋挡土墙长期工作性能的合理评价日益得到重视，对此必须考虑加筋材料的非线性蠕变效应。对于加筋挡土墙，采用黏弹塑性流变模型和黏弹性本构模型分别考虑填土与土工合成材料的非线性蠕变性，合理考虑筋材与填土、填土与面板及面板之间的相互作用效应，同时在计算中反映逐层填筑过程，采用增量一初应变迭代法，对土工合成材料加筋挡土墙结构的工作性能评价发展了二维有限元数值分析方法。基于Denver黏性土试验挡土墙的试验结果确定计算参数，利用所建议的分析方法对Denver黏性土试验挡土墙进行了数值计算与分析，通过与实测结果及与常规方法的对比分析，论证了所建议的有限元数值分析方法的合理性及其可靠性。     

考虑薄膜效应的土工合成材料加筋道路模型

薄膜效应是土工合成材料加筋道路的作用机理之一。在假定薄膜横向挠度很小的情况下,导出了薄膜的平衡微分方程。利用层状弹性体与薄膜竖向位移与应力的连续性将二者耦合,建立了土工合成材料加筋道路的计算模型。并以两层加筋体系为例,导出了在轴对称和非轴对称荷载作用下的一般解。     

加筋土结构中加筋与土之间的摩擦性质研究

利用拉拔试验,对不同加筋材料,不同填料的加筋土的摩擦特性、抗拔位移的变化规律进行了研究,为今后的筋材拉拔试验及工程应用提供了参考.     

黄土中铜铅金属的电动迁移及强化去除机理研究

以人工配制的铜铅污染黄土为研究对象,使用性价比更高、二次污染风险更低的电动修复技术,研究污染黄土中铜铅金属离子迁移规律,分析电极材料、阳离子交换膜及酸预处理等单一强化方法对电动力学修复过程中电流、电渗流、pH、电导率、去除效率、离子赋存形态等的影响规律,揭示强化方法的电动修复机理,并在此基础上明确三者联用电动修复强化机理。结果表明：电动土工合成材料(EKG)电极比石墨电极具有更高的电流,同时能够快速释放较多的氢离子和氢氧根离子,在阳极附近提供了酸性环境促进了更多重金属离子的解吸和迁移,从而提高了修复效率,但阴极附近的沉淀导致去除效率较低;阳离子交换膜能够较好地调控阴极附近土壤的pH值,有益于金属离子的解吸,然而阳离子交换膜引起的浓度差极化作用,以及阳离子交换膜表面沉淀现象使电流和电渗流显著降低,限制了去除效率的提高;酸预处理能够降低污染黄土试样pH值,使黄土中黏土矿物、水合氧化物及有机质表面原始的负电荷减小甚至变为正电荷,有助于重金属提前解吸,显著提高电导率,从而提高电流和电渗流,与阳离子交换膜强化效果接近,是一种较为经济的强化手段;EKG电极、阳离子交换膜及酸预处理三者联用能够充分发...     

水土保持用土工合成材料的开发与研究

阐述了陕北地区的水土状况,通过对从陕北采回的土样进行实验测试并作出土壤颗粒粒径分析,然后有针对性地对采样地设计出水土保持用的非织造土工合成材料的关键参数,同时对该非织造布的生产方式作出选择,为今后水土保持和植被培育提供了前期的准备工作。     

Life-cycle assessment and repair of the railway transition zones of an existing bridge using geocomposite materials

The railway infrastructure is a very important component of the world’s total transportation network. Investment in its construction and maintenance is therefore significant on a global scale. Up to now, some results of the life-cycle assessment (LCA) of open railway line, as well as railway bridges and tunnels, have been published, but detailed analyses of transition zones have not so far been performed. In railway networks, transitional zones are a critical area where the transition from open rail to solid bridge construction can cause significant settlements. The goal of these analyses was to compare two different types of track renewal methods for railway transition zones. In the first method, traditional cement stabilisation is used, whereas the second solution makes use of a geocomposite anchored by steel anchors. The paper presents some results from an environmental study for railway transition zones based on the demonstration case. The results of the performed LCA showed that, in the case of track renewal for transition zones by means of a geocomposite and anchors, the environmental impact is lower than in the case when cement stabilisation works are performed. Less extensive excavation works and thus lower quantities of used material are additional benefits.     

玻纤增强复合土工布的开发与性能

本文设计和研制了两种不同规格的玻纤增强缝编复合土工布 ,并对其性能进行了测试和讨论。试验结果表明 :玻纤增强复合土工布具有强度高、抗蠕变能力强的优点。     

加筋土筋材拉拔试验研究

对影响筋－土摩擦特性参数测试的几个主要试验条件进行了分析研究,提出了测试的合理取值与改进方法。进行了５种筋材的拉拔试验,得出了加筋土筋材在砂土中的摩擦特性规律和临界摩阻强度,对今后的筋材拉拔试验及工程应用具有参考价值。