矿山地质环境保护研究综述

针对矿区地质环境保护问题,通过分析大量有关文献并结合实践研究,综述了国内外有关矿山开采制度、矿区环境评价与监测技术、矿区地灾防控与生态修复技术等方面的研究进展。对比分析发现:国外矿山地质环境保护着眼微观层面对土壤、水质等方面的修复,而我国矿山地质保护绝大多数尚停留在工程治理层面,法律保障、矿山恢复保证金、矿区绿色复垦技术是现有研究的薄弱环节。因此建议矿区地质灾害保护研究中应高度重视矿山地质环境保护政策、矿山灾变机理、矿山防灾与生态修复技术、矿山地质环境监测预警应急方法、系统与设备等方面,并解读了各研究方向主要思路。研究成果对推动我国矿山地质环境减灾理论研究与防治工程实践具有积极意义。     

城市内涝灾害居民出行困难度评价

城市内涝灾害给城市居民生命、财产安全造成了严重威胁。以长春市南关区为例,以二维非定恒定流为基本骨架,以不规则网格概化地形,用一维非恒定流描述排水管网,建立了城市暴雨内涝数值模型。该模型包含产流模型、汇流模型、排水模型及内涝模型。以30 a,50 a,100 a一遇的暴雨情景,对居民出行困难度进行了评价。验证结果表明,构建模型与实例结果吻合度较高。所得结果可为相关部门采取应急措施缓解内涝导致的交通堵塞提供参考。     

工业装置爆炸事故过程与机理分析(续)

爆炸事故是工业装置和工业过程危害最大的灾害形式。研究和掌握工业装置爆炸机理与过程规律以及预防措施是工业装置安全生产运行的核心技术之一。文章从工业装置爆炸能量、爆炸机理及转换条件等总体结构方面作了一般性的表层分析。     

Coordinating efficiency and equity in disaster relief logistics via information updates

This paper addresses a multi-supplier, multi-affected area, multi-relief, and multi-vehicle relief allocation problem in disaster relief logistics. A multi-objective optimisation model based on disaster scenario information updates is proposed in an attempt to coordinate efficiency and equity through timely and appropriate decisions regarding issues such as vehicle routing and relief allocation. An optimal stopping rule is also proposed to determine the optimum period of delay before responding to disaster, because decision making requires accurate disaster information. The main contribution of this paper is solving relief allocation problem in a novel way by correlating operational research with statistical decision making and Bayesian sequential analysis. Finally, a case is presented based on the post-disaster rescue in Eastern China after supertyphoon Saomai to test the applicability and show the potential advantages of the proposed model.     

Mixing in Wave Processes Propagating in Gas Mixtures (Review)

A review is made of uptodate investigations in the field of physicomathematical modeling of mixing of solid particles with highvelocity gas flows arising under the action on shock waves, compression waves, and expansion waves on unstable dust deposits on the boundaries of channels or plates and in cavities, as well as on free clouds of particles. In particular, experiments in shock tubes with particles initially located in cavities and on surfaces are described. The experimental data presented in the form of distributions of particle concentrations at various points of space above the unstable layer, pressure distributions on the lower wall of the shock tube, etc., are used for verification of proposed mathematical models in regimes of single particles, interacting continua, and turbulent diffusion. An analysis of experimental and numerical data shows that the models considered sometimes allow adequate identification of the wave structure of motion of the mixture and the field of parameters inside and outside the layer.     

电子数据备份方法探讨

在广泛开展的信息化工作中,由于各种原因引起的电子数据丢失时常发生,当丢失的数据无法恢复时会造成不同程度的损失,因此需要对电子数据进行安全备份。针对电子数据备份的重要性及经常发生的问题,论述了数据备份的方式和等级,提出了加强数据备份的管理,健全管理制度以及完善数据备份的过程与环节。应用相关技术,在确保安全的前提下,选择操作性强、成本较低的备份方式和等级,充分发挥数据备份的作用。     

考虑优先权的地震灾害时限应急救援指派模型

针对地震灾害的突发性及受灾点的分散性, 模型定量确定救援优先级, 以最短到达时间为约束条件构建基于优先权的时限多目标指派模型; 运用两阶段法对模型进行求解, 算例结果表明, 利用该模型进行应急救援队伍的派遣是可行的, 可为应急救援的组织与协调提供决策参考。     

江苏省地震前方指挥车应急数据信息通信方式的实现

前方指挥车是在有地震灾害事件发生时,能够立即响应,并快速到达地震震中所在地,立即开展现场信息汇集与共享、地震灾情动态评估和修正、辅助决策建议及时生成、现场资源调度和管理,实现前方指挥部与现场工作人员、国家指挥部、区域指挥部的不同应用系统之间的数据信息的共享和传递.本文主要介绍前方指挥车两种不同应急通信方式,并讨论各自的优缺点.     

Continuous-velocity lattice gas cellular automata for miscible binary fluid and its application to simulation of interface instability

Continuous-velocity lattice gas cellular automata (CVLGA) is extended to miscible binary fluid systems. A new parameter is introduced in order to control the diffusivity of the fluids. The correlation between the diffusivity and the new parameter proves that there exists the maximum value of the diffusivity. Quantitative verifications of the model are carried out with numerical simulations of the diffusion phenomena across a falling fluid film. The model is then applied to the simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor instability during the gravitational mixing phenomena. The qualitative tendency of the growth of the interface instability is the same as that obtained in conventional numerical methods.     

Capillary jet instability under the influence of gravity

The focus of this paper is on the effect of gravity stretching on disturbed capillary jet instability. Break-up and droplet formation under low flows are simulated using finite difference solution of a one-dimensional approximation of disturbed capillary jet instability chosen from the work by Eggers and Dupont (J. Fluid Mech. 155 (1994) 289). Experiments were conducted using water and aqueous glycerol solutions to compare with simulations. We use a gravity parameter, G, which quantifies gravity stretching by relating flow velocity, orifice size and acceleration and is the reciprocal of the Froude number. The optimum disturbance frequency was found to be inversely proportional to G. However, this relationship appears to be complex for the range of G's investigated. At low G, the relationship between and G appears to be linear but takes on a weakly decaying like trend as G increases. As flows are lowered, the satellite-free regime decreases, although experimental observation found that merging of main and satellite drops sometimes offset this effect to result in monodispersed droplet trains post break-up. Viscosity did not significantly affect the relationship between the disturbance frequency and G, although satellite drops could be seen more clearly close to the upper limit for instability at high G's. It is possible to define regimes of satellite formation under low flows by considering local wavenumbers at the point of instability.