广西德保岩溶内涝灾害风险评价

利用基于Arc GIS技术和层次分析法的灾害风险评价模型对广西德保县岩溶内涝灾害进行风险评价,以期为防治岩溶内涝灾害提供科学依据。综合比较德保县降雨条件、社会经济与自然环境等因素,利用层次分析法确定各因子权重,然后利用Arc GIS技术得到德保县岩溶内涝灾害危险性、易损性和风险区划图。风险评价结果表明:广西德保县岩溶内涝高风险区主要集中在人口密集的城关镇,较高风险区主要分布在耕地面积分布较广的北部地区,而东部及西部地区的内涝灾害风险较低。     

散粒体的自组织临界性分析

基于二维模拟实验,研究竖向荷载下散粒体中的自组织临界性,揭示细观拱效应与宏观大崩塌的变化规律,以及拱效应与材料性质的关系.散粒体中每个小自组织的临界发展过程包括自组织搭拱、拱随遇平衡和拱崩塌的动力学演化.散粒体大坍塌是众多小自组织临界发生后的力学性质由量变到质变的过程.用随机理论细观探讨一个预期失败模式的理论模型,为研究散体材料结构自组织临界性系统的可预测性及灾害预测预报提供了科学依据.     

边坡工程中抗滑群桩工程特性的数值分析

针对建立抗滑群桩的设计方法问题,分析了抗滑群桩在水平推力作用下的力学行为.以重庆江东边坡的典型断面为例,应用有限元程序CORE3D分析了群桩的桩间颗粒土的土拱区域,结合桩的荷载位移曲线、土拱效应解释了土体应力传递到抗滑桩的规律,通过对影响土拱效应的参数,如桩间距、土体厚度、抗滑桩嵌入深度和桩径等的深入研究,提出了相应的群桩布置参数估算公式.研究成果在重庆江东边坡的防护工程设计中得到了应用,并取得了较好的效果.     

Investigation of effective dimensionless numbers on initiation of instability in combustion of moisty organic dust简

In this work, the effect of various effective dimensionless numbers and moisture contents on initiation of instability in combustion of moisty organic dust is calculated. To have reliable model, effect of thermal radiation is taken into account. One- dimensional flame structure is divided into three zones： preheat zone, reaction zone and post-flame zone. To investigate pulsating characteristics of flame, governing equations are rewritten in dimensionless space-time （（, r/, ~） coordinates. By solving these newly achieved governing equations and combining them, which is completely discussed in body of article, a new expression is obtained. By solving this equation, it is possible to predict initiation of instability in organic dust flame. According to the obtained results by increasing Lewis number, threshold of instability happens sooner. On the other hand, pulsating is postponed by increasing Damk6hler number, pyrolysis temperature or moisture content. Also, by considering thermal radiation effect, burning velocity predicted by our model is closer to experimental results.     

Areas vulnerable to natural disasters and damage estimation of infrastructure in Busan,Korea

Since the damages caused by disasters associated with climate anomalies and the diversification of the social structure increase every year, an efficient management system associated with a damage assessment of the areas vulnerable to disasters is demanded to prevent or mitigate the damages to infrastructure. The areas vulnerable to disasters in Busan, located at southeastern part of Korea, were estimated based on historical records of damages and a risk assessment of the infrastructure was performed to provide fundamental information prior to the establishment of the real-time monitoring system for infrastructure and establish disaster management system. The results are illustrated by using geographical information system（GIS） and provide the importance of the roadmap for comprehensive and specific strategy to manage natural disasters.     

北京地区浅层采空区高密度电法探测应用分析

高密度电法已广泛应用于煤层采空区探测之中,采空区充填性质的不同造成其在高密度电法数据剖面中的表现特征也不相同。本文主要介绍运用高密度电法进行浅层小煤窑采空区探测的一些经验和案例。采用高密度电法中的温纳装置对门头沟地区未充填、部分充填的小煤窑巷道和石景山区富水充填的小煤窑采空区的探测,取得了很好的效果。探测结果显示,未充填和部分充填的小煤窑巷道表现为高视电阻率异常,位置与测线周边发现的小煤窑窑口位置相对应。而富水充填的小煤窑采空区表现为低视电阻率异常,经钻探验证,采空区内充填有富含水的粉末状的煤灰,含坑木。需注意在山区进行高密度电法测试时,台阶状的地形对高密度电法测试的干扰影响较大,以温纳装置为例,测试数据在台阶地形处表现为高低阻相邻的八字形干扰,且电极距越小,干扰越明显。     

泥页岩地层区域三维地质力学建模与应用

印尼A油田在钻井过程中泥页岩地层井壁坍塌严重,为安全快速钻井,减少复杂事故,文章提出了一种多源地质力学建模方法,该方法综合利用岩心实验数据、已钻井测井数据、地震反演数据和泥页岩失稳机理,对印尼A油田的地质力学参数进行了精细刻画,并建立了该油田三维孔隙压力空间分布、三维弹性模量空间分布、三维泊松比空间分布等三维属性体;利用有限元的方法,计算了该油田三维地应力分布,得到三维安全钻井液密度窗口。该模型有效耦合测井数据、岩心数据、地震数据等多源数据,可在钻井设计和钻井施工过程中根据目标井的坐标位置和井眼轨迹准确获取目标井的安全钻井液密度窗口,已在该油田B-8井中现场应用,模型所得到的安全钻井液密度窗口满足现场实际需要,实钻过程中无复杂,钻井周期相对油田前期平均钻井周期缩短40%。本模型为钻井设计及现场施工确定合理钻井液安全密度窗口提供了技术支撑,为解决泥页岩等易坍塌地层的井壁失稳提供一套地质工程一体化的解决方案。     

基于体效应的SiC MOSFET器件栅极老化监测方法研究

长期以来,栅极老化一直是SiC MOSFET器件可靠性研究的关键,而偏置温度不稳定性则是栅极老化的重要现象。由于栅极老化的偏置温度不稳定性存在应力撤出后的恢复现象,如能在可靠性实验中快速、准确地监测SiC MOSFET器件的栅极老化变化量,对可靠性研究具有重要意义。因此,文中提出一种新的栅极老化监测方法。该方法以体效应下的阈值电压VTH(body)为基础,建立理论模型来描述VTH(body)和栅极老化之间的关系。提出在栅极电压开关过程中从体二极管电压–栅极电压曲线中得到VTH(body)的方法,并详细研究实验参数对VTH(body)的影响。此外,通过高温栅偏实验对VTH(body)的实用价值进行验证,并与栅极老化参数阈值电压VTH进行对比。实验结果证明,提出的新型栅极老化监测方法可以实现栅极老化的快速、准确及非恒温环境监测。     

Processing map for hot working of as extruded AZ31B magnesium alloy

The deformation behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy as extruded under hot compression conditions was characterized in the temperature range of 200 - 400 ℃ and strain rate range of 0. 001 - 1 s^-1. The processing maps were obtained at different strains. The results show that the map exhibits flow instabilities as two domains. The domain at beyond 300 ℃ and strain rate of 1 s^-1 appears with a peak efficiency of power dissipation about 56% occurring. This domain is expected to happen in a hot process, such as hot rolling, hot extrusion and hot forging. There is high efficiency of power dissipation at temperature beyond 350 ℃ and strain rate 0. 001 s^-1. Such domains suggest the occurrence of superplastic deformation.     

长轴类零件开式挤压工艺应用及成形极限研究

长轴类零件开式挤压失稳包括弹性失稳和塑性失稳。将压杆失稳原理应用于开式挤压,得到了开式挤压弹性失稳的临界长径比及临界挤压应力的计算方法,建立了开式挤压工艺弹性稳定性校核模型,提出了提高抵抗弹性失稳能力的措施,如降低挤压应力、采用夹持器支承等方法。分析塑性失稳的原因,是零件的传力段的应力达到材料的屈服应力,而在入模口处出现局部镦粗。用上限法计算了圆截面件开式挤压应力,并绘制成可方便查阅的线图。提出了挤压变形程度、凹模半锥角、润滑状态及摩擦因子等是影响塑性失稳成形极限的主要因素,并结合计算线图给出了各影响因素的合理范围。以汽车传动花键轴开式挤压为例,应用失稳理论对挤压工艺参数的合理制定进行指导。