超高浓度(VHG)乙醇发酵研究进展

简要介绍了超高浓度乙醇发酵的特点及面临的困难,对VHG乙醇发酵国内外研究进展进行了综述,同时对该领域发展的前景进行了分析和展望。     

超重力精馏的应用与发展

分离工程是化工过程工业的重要支柱,而精馏技术是最为重要的分离工程之一,超重力精馏技术作为一种新兴的相对传统精馏技术有巨大优势的新技术,越来越多地收到科研工作者的关注。本文较系统地总结了国内外自20世纪70年代以来在超重力精馏设备和技术上的研究进展,并对超重力精馏的研究和发展前景进行了展望。     

位阻胺超重力脱硫技术评述

针对高含硫天然气的脱硫,介绍了位阻胺脱硫技术和超重力技术。将二者结合形成的位阻胺超重力脱硫技术,可以优化操作指标,降低建设投资,减少设备腐蚀,提高脱硫效率,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于地电流的重力流排水管道泄漏检测

重力流排水管道的泄漏会带来诸多不良后果,但由于重力流排水管道的特殊性,导致许多现有的管道泄漏检测方法难以适用。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于地电流的检测方法,该方法利用泄漏孔联通管道内外,通过测量在管道内移动的电极和固定在地面电极之间电流来确定泄漏,阐述了该方法的基本工作原理,基于该方法设计了检测系统,搭建了实验平台测试了检测效果。检测10 m长的埋地管道时,最大定位误差约0.4 m,表明该检测系统能较准确地定位泄漏位置,若配合更好的探头定位方法,误差将进一步减小。根据测得的尖峰电流值,能明显分辨9个直径梯度为0.5 mm的圆形泄漏孔,使用测得的9组数据训练神经网络模型,大致得到了尖峰电流值与泄漏孔大小的映射关系,表明根据检测结果能大致估计泄漏孔的大小。     

玻利维亚铜、钨、锡多金属尾矿的综合利用

玻利维亚多金属锡尾矿含Cu(0.86%)、WO 3(0.64%)和Sn(0.26%),铜矿物以硅孔雀石为主,部分铜矿物与钨、锡矿物呈固溶体形式产出,钨以黑钨矿为主,锡以锡石为主。采用氯化离析法使铜的矿相发生转变,而钨、锡的矿相未发生转变,从而将铜矿物与钨、锡矿物分离。经过氯化离析?浮选?强磁选?重选选冶工艺综合回收铜、钨、锡条件试验得到以下优化工艺参数：当离析温度为900℃、离析时间为45 min、氯化钙用量为3%、焦炭用量为3%时,一段磨矿细度＜74μm的占95%;强磁选磁场强度H=1.0T时,二段磨矿细度＜38μm的占95%。在此条件下,可分别得到铜品位为25.04%、铜回收率为83.19%的铜精矿,WO 3品位为60.22%、钨回收率为64.26%的钨精矿,锡品位为40.11%、锡回收率为65.69%的锡精矿,实现了玻利维亚锡尾矿中有价金属铜、钨、锡的综合回收利用。     

How did Archimedes discover the law of buoyancy by experiment?

After Archimedes and Vitruvius era, for more than 2000 years, it has been believed that the displaced water measurement of golden crown is impossible, and at his Eureka moment, Archimedes discovered the law of buoyancy (Proposition 7 of his principles) and proved the theft of a goldsmith by weighing the golden crown in water.A previous study showed that a small amount of displaced water was able to be measured with enough accuracy by the introduced method. Archimedes measured the weight of displaced water. He did not find the law of buoyancy but rather specific gravity of things at the moment.After which, Archimedes continued to measure the specific gravity of various solids and fluids. Through these measurements, he reached the discovery of the law of buoyancy directly by experiment. In this paper, the process to the discovery of Archimedes’ principle (Proposition 5) is presented.     

一种三自由度Stewart并联平台重心稳定分析及Simulink仿真

以三自由度Stewart并联平台为研究对象,提出了一种Stewart并联平台重心稳定的分析方法,并对其进行Simulink仿真。利用三维建模软件Creo建立三自由度Stewart平台的三维模型。通过Creo里的接口,将Stewart平台三维模型导入Simulink中生成对应的Simmechanics模块,包括3条运动支链,每条支链由铰链、电动缸、驱动杆、动、定平台等组成。在Simulink的仿真环境中,对3条支链的电动缸添加驱动模块,再使用Fcn函数编程,使驱动模块对电机施加驱动,从而产生驱动杆不同的伸长量,达到动平台的预定运动轨迹。在Simulink环境下,通过编程实现三自由度Stewart并联平台动平台的一种特殊运动,即动平台与水平面成一定的二面角旋转一周,而动平台自身的重心保持稳定。     

废石−风砂高浓度料浆管道输送数值模拟及管输阻力新模型

为研究废石?风砂高浓度充填料浆自流输送管道输送特性,将矿山实际充填管路进行还原,应用FLUENT软件进行输送模拟研究。结果表明:充填料浆在管道的管径方向有明显的速度梯度;随料浆流速的增大,料浆的输送沿程阻力损失基本呈线性增大;质量浓度对管输阻力的影响非常大,在充填料浆质量浓度相差2%左右时,管道单位长度的阻力损失会相差20%~30%。通过对不同骨料比的充填料浆进行数值模拟,可知废石风砂质量比为6:4的浆体稳定性和流动性相对较好,更有利于管道输送。建立了管输阻力新模型,并通过工业试验对模型进行检验,验证了新的管输阻力模型的可靠性,研究结果为该矿选取充填系统的运行参数提供了重要依据。     

3D打印混凝土空腹重力坝的静力学数值模拟探讨

目前关于3D打印混凝土技术在水利工程中的应用相对较少,本文以某一10 m高的小型空腹重力坝为研究对象,基于ANSYS软件模拟并探讨了在自重压力和静水压力作用下3D打印混凝土空腹重力坝的承载能力问题,讨论了层间弱面对水工结构承载能力的影响。结果表明:在自重压力和静水压力作用下,该10 m高的3D打印混凝土小型空腹重力坝未发生大变形,能够发挥其正常使用功能;在该空腹重力坝的上游坝踵位置出现超应力区,但范围极小且可以通过加设钢筋等措施予以解决;在空腹部分靠近上游面的位置出现了超过层间弱面抗拉强度的拉应力值,须采取增强层间弱面粘结能力或设置钢结构桁架抵消拉应力等措施来保证坝体安全可靠。     

Pressurised feeding systems

Pressurised feeding is by no means new. Whitworth patented a method for pressurising steel in refractory lined ingot moulds in the mid 1800s, while accounts of pressurising aluminium castings during solidification appeared in the 1930s, and the pressurisation of risers in steel and iron castings surfaced in the 1950s. It is appropriate to distinguish between cases where the whole casting and rigging has been pressurised and those where the feeder heads alone were pressurised. Generally speaking, pressurising the whole casting has not proved especially effective. Early experiments with aluminium involved top pouring of moulds contained in an autoclave. The considerable height through which the metal fell undoubtedly mitigated results. Furthermore, since the alloys were of a non-skin forming variety (i.e. long freezing range) the puncture of the partially solidified surface led to further property degradation.

Work of Watmough and Berry in the US in 1961, repeated by Irani and Kondic at Birmingham published eight years later, employed aluminium sand cast bars with pressurised feeder heads surrounded by stout insulating sleeves. The results of both sets of experiments with long-freezing range alloys, showed excellent promise in terms of reducing dispersed porosity. During the nineties Fischer-Disa picked up this concept and successfully implemented it on a production basis for both aluminium and ductile iron. Most recently MSU in collaboration with US metal casters has applied the technique to tilt-poured permanent moulding (gravity-die casting). The results of this recent work will be described in detail.