Macamides present in the commercial maca (Lepidium meyenii) products and the macamide biosynthesis affected by postharvest conditions

Macamides are bioactive and marker compounds of maca (Lepidium meyenii). Thirty-five commercial maca products were surveyed for macamide composition and content by HPLC-UV/MS. Significant variations of macamide content were found in these products (69–2738 μg/g). Analysis of the macamide biosynthetic pathway suggests that: (a) glucosinolate catabolism, (b) lipid hydrolysis, and (c) amide formation are key steps controlling macamide accumulation in the tissues during the postharvest drying process. Therefore, we further investigated the effects of sample forms, drying temperatures, and storage times on macamide accumulation. Our results show that (1) powdered maca provided the largest macamide accumulation followed by sliced hypocotyls, while whole roots displayed a significantly reduced amide-generating potential; (2) the ideal temperature for macamide formation is about 30°C; (3) macamide content increases continuously along with storage time; (4) exposure to air results in the percentage of unsaturated macamides decreasing. These findings provide useful insights which can be applied in the industrial manufacture of maca products with higher content of bioactive amides.     

Diminution of quinolizidine alkaloids,oligosaccharides and phenolic compounds from two species of Lupinus and soybean seeds by the effect of Rhizopus oligosporus

Lupinus, like Glycine max (soybean), is an ancient leguminous plant. It has been used as a food by people living around the Mediterranean Sea and in the Andean Highlands. This legume contains quinolizidine alkaloids (Qas), oligosaccharides (OGS) and phenolic compounds (PC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus on the levels of Qas, OGS and PC from L. mutabilis, L. campestris and G. max through tempeh elaboration. The results showed that the soaking and cooking processes of legume seeds diminished the Qas content of L. mutabilis and L. campestris by 50%, and after 48 h of fermentation these compounds decreased by more than 90% in total. OGS diminished by more than 90% in the lupin seeds. The PC content of the three seed species subjected to these processes increased their absorbance value, probably due to the enzymatic action of a fungal tannase. These results suggested that the L. mutabilis, L. campestris and G. max fermentation with R. oligosporus is an efficient method for diminishing antinutritional factors and for obtaining a product with optimal nutritional value. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

硫酸盐竹浆的TCF漂白工艺

对经氧脱木素后的硫酸盐竹浆Q1-OP-Q2-POTCF漂白工艺、影响因素进行分析,所得纸浆白度为80%～85%ISO,黏度为750～800mL·g-1,纸浆强度较好,成浆综合质量较高。生产实践证明,该漂白工艺环境友好性强,适合新建大型非木浆生产线漂白采用。     

酶法催化生产1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯

1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)是母乳脂肪中甘油三酯的重要组成成分,可有效改善和保证棕榈酸在婴幼儿体内的吸收和利用。本文对其脂肪酶催化生产进行了简单探索,以三棕榈酸甘油酯(PPP)和油酸(OA)为底物,通过1,3-特异性脂肪酶RMIM催化的酸解反应成功制备了1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯。经单因素优化后最佳反应条件为:PPP与油酸摩尔比1:6,加酶量8%,反应温度50℃,反应时间6 h,反应产物中脂肪酸组成为:油酸54.86%,sn-2位棕榈酸含量为87.64%。     

Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracted saponins and flavonols from germinated black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Flavonoids and saponins from common beans have been widely studied due to their bioactivity. This research evaluated the effect of germination of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on the antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines of saponins and flavonoids extracted from seed coats, cotyledons and sprouts. Principal component analysis was performed to achieve punctual associations between the black bean saponins and flavonoids concentrations to the antioxidant capacity and the antiproliferative activities. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts were higher when obtained from seed coats, mainly from the 3rd germination day. The extracts obtained from seed coats after 3 and 5 germination days inhibited all cancer cell lines proliferation with no cytotoxicity against control cells. Genistein was related with the activity against mammary cancer cells but flavonols and group B saponins were more related with hepatic and colon cancers. Non-glycosilated flavonols were related with antioxidant capacity.     

面团组分及环境因素对面团二硫键形成的影响研究现状

面包、馒头、面条等面制品加工过程的本质是小麦面粉中蛋白与水相互作用形成包裹有淀粉和脂肪的面筋网络结构,该结构加热后转变为形态固定的食品。面团中二硫键的形成量对面筋网络结构的质量和最终食品的品质起着决定性的作用,而面团中的蛋白、淀粉等组分和环境因素影响面团中二硫键的形成量。本文综述了近年来面筋蛋白组成、淀粉组成及种类、面团pH、发酵以及面团成熟温度等环境因素对面团中二硫键形成的影响,提出了未来这方面研究的可能探索方向及相关产业的可能发展趋势,以期为研究人员和食品生产者分析面制品品质变化提供理论支持,促进提高面团品质、面制品质量的二硫键调控理论的形成和创建。     

超高压处理对养殖大黄鱼肉蛋白质特性的影响

目的研究超高压处理对养殖大黄鱼肉蛋白质特性的影响。方法超高压处理养殖大黄鱼肉后,通过双缩脲法、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)、差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)及蛋白质巯基含量及持水性分析,研究超高压对养殖大黄鱼肉品质的影响。结果压强对不同类型溶解性的蛋白含量有较大影响。350 MPa 10 min时水溶性蛋白含量最高,达到74.12 mg/g;300 MPa 25 min时酸溶性蛋白含量最高,达到14.53 mg/g。可见超高压处理显著改变了养殖大黄鱼不同溶解性、不同结构蛋白的含量(P0.05);提高了养殖大黄鱼蛋白质的热稳定性;增加了蛋白质的巯基含量;降低了蛋白质的持水能力。结论超高压处理使养殖大黄鱼肉蛋白质的持水性降低,溶解性、巯基含量及热稳定性增加,并使蛋白质结构发生改变。     

降胆固醇乳酸菌菌株的筛选及其影响因素的研究

选择由本实验室分离并保存的4种乳酸菌株,接种到10%脱脂乳培养基中进行活化和扩大培养。测量培养基在接种前后吸光度值的变化,从中筛选出较强降胆固醇能力的一株乳酸菌种,并考察在不同培养时间、接种量、培养温度、胆盐浓度、盐浓度、乳糖添加量下该菌种降胆固醇能力的变化。结果表明：胆酸盐和盐对该菌株的降胆固醇能力都有一定的抑制作用,胆酸盐的抑制作用高于盐的作用;对于培养条件来说,当培养温度为42℃,接种量为1%,培养时间为24h时,该菌株的降胆固醇能力最高。     

黄酒中主要上头物质及控制技术的研究

为了对黄酒中高级醇的高含量及在黄酒发酵过程中产生的高含量高级醇的因素及控制技术研究,对黄酒与其它酿造酒中高级醇含量进行了比较,认为高级醇既是黄酒的呈香、呈味物质,也是饮用黄酒后的上头物质。阐述了高级醇在黄酒生产中合成途径有埃尔利希形成机制和特定的氨基酸形成特定的高级醇,并介绍了黄酒生产中如何控制高级醇生成量的措施。     

鸡蛋中药物残留加工因子与监测结果分析

目的分析鸡蛋中药物残留膳食暴露加工因子的确定与监测样品结果。方法按监测计划采集样品并制备模拟样品,应用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱测定15种药物残留含量,并计算加工因子与去除率。结果120份样品检出氧氟沙星5份(2.5～65.8μg/kg),环丙沙星1份(2.4μg/kg)。煮蛋器15 min加工因子为0.10～0.87,微波加热(60s)加工因子为0.10～0.92。结论加工处理过程能显著降低食物中药物残留量,降低人群膳食暴露风险,蒸蛋器加热与微波烹调2种加工处理方式相比较,微波烹调过程对药物残留的去除作用小。监测结果分析表明,在不同地区、不同品种和不同参数间的药物残留检出率无统计学差异。