基于“行为-环境”健康效用评价的滨水绿道 更新设计研究——以苏州市尹山湖绿道为例

健康中国战略导向下,如何提升既有公共空间健康 服务水平成为当前研究焦点。为探索城市公共空间作用于人体 健康的积极作用,尝试引入医学领域“健康效用”理念构建评 价体系,以公众健康中“行为类型+环境要素”的关系为骨架, 以“行为需求+环境支持”的匹配特征为脉络,基于“体力行 为-多样性、自然体验行为-综合性、社会交往行为-均衡性”3 项匹配准则,建立既有城市公共空间“行为-环境”健康效用 评价体系。以承载居民最密集日常活动的滨水绿道展开类型实 证,结合苏州市尹山湖绿道案例,借IPA分析法提出“因子分 级+匹配识别”的评价方法,分析行为与环境的配对差异,辨析 影响滨水绿道健康效用提升的内因。据此提出滨水绿道环境更 新设计策略,以积极响应“健康中国”战略要求和环境更新需 求,助力健康城市建设。     

基于数字孪生的长城文化遗产保护与传承 研究

长城文化遗产长期面临风、水、冰雹等自然环境 风险。现有研究偏向理论,缺乏基于数字孪生的实证研究, 尤其缺乏长城文化遗产环境灾害仿真模拟预测的研究。将数 字孪生理论模型与实际案例结合,通过流固耦合分析模拟探 索风环境对北京蟠龙山长城的影响,评估风对建筑结构的影 响,探讨植被、建筑体量等变量对风环境的影响。结果显 示,数字孪生模型能够有效预测文化遗产在风环境下的风险 分布,同时,植被和建筑体量的变化明显影响了风蚀程度。 对于局部坍塌拱券的模拟分析揭示了文化遗产在强风和冰雹 灾害下受损的机理。     

城市绿色空间作为变革的力量：全球智慧与中国视角

探讨了城市绿色空间在提升人类健康和福祉方面 的关键作用,并将全球研究与中国的实际情况相结合。详细 讨论了绿色景观在心理、社会和环境方面的益处,并强调了 其在风景园林、大众卫生和城市规划等多领域的重要性。其 后,探讨了绿色空间的平等使用权、最佳接触量及文化维度 等关键问题。最后,重点讨论了中国在城市化和绿色空间分 配方面所面临的独特挑战,以期为未来的设计策略和政策发 展提供依据。     

福州东西向深街谷内树致行人夏季 热环境差异

夏季东西走向的街道因长时间暴露于日照形成最不舒适的行人环境,树木可提供树荫降低气温但也阻碍了局地通风,然而,植树对行人热环境的综合影响尚不清楚。针对城市高密度街区（LCZ 2类型）中东西走向的街道,开展行道树绿化差异对行人热环境综合影响的定量计算与分析。结果表明：1）树木对行人热环境的影响是非线性的,且在夏季白天不同时段呈不同规律,街道树木覆盖率与树致平均行人气温差异值之间存在如下关系：上下午非线性关系强烈,中午则接近线性关系;2）当树木覆盖率小于50%时,树致行人气温降低的梯度大,每增加10%树木覆盖率,行人高度平均气温最高约降低0.26℃;树木覆盖率超过50%以后,植树带来的热效益改善值减小,而且影响的时间窗口趋于中午附近（11:00—14:30）;3）东西向街道内的各种植树方案都对行人热环境产生正面影响,当树冠相互接触形成连续树荫时,树致改善效应接近饱和,继续提高种植密度反而会产生负面影响。考虑城市用地紧张,建议东西走向的街道,采用可形成连续树荫的50%左右覆盖率的行道树绿化,以获得舒适的行人小气候。     

基于电路理论的多尺度城市热环境网络 构建及格局优化：以成都市中心城区为例

高密度、高强度的城市建设和扩张导致城市热岛效应不断增强,研究城市热环境网络格局以优化规划布局是改善城市热环境的有效方法。将形态学空间格局分析与电路理论相结合,立足多尺度,以成都市中心城区及其核心区为研究对象,选取连通性强的冷岛、热岛源地,根据景观格局特征与地表覆盖构建阻力面,运用Linkage Mapper识别廊道、冷岛障碍点和热岛夹点,并进行分级和评价,构建研究区热环境网络,提出多尺度下的格局优化建议。结果表明：1)中心城区尺度识别出23处冷岛源地、34条关键廊道、48处障碍点,廊道呈“串珠状”环绕研究区边缘分布,连通性和稳定性较弱;2)中心城区核心区尺度识别出34处热岛源地、81条关键廊道、98处夹点,廊道呈网状分布且普遍连通性较高,夹点是未来阻断热岛廊道连通的关键区域;3)研究区形成“两环多分支五组团多点”结构的城市热环境网络格局。研究结果可为成都市及其他城市的热环境改善提供科学参考,丰富电路理论在热环境领域中的应用。     

“天人合一”整体观对中国传统风景 园林的影响

易学是中国哲学之源,与风景园林统一于象数范畴。象主要体现在易学的卦象爻象、风景园林的要素空间和地理的气形布局等方面;数主要体现在太极、两仪、四象、八卦的数理逻辑方面。易学体用兼具,“体”指易学的理论经典,“用”指风景园林设计中的应用。“体”“用”结合,首先表现为景点题名的易学典故,其次表现为象天法地和呼象喝形的要素形态,再次表现为四正四隅的八卦布局,从次表现为利害吉凶的评价标准,最后表现为易学的审美方法。由此可见,风景园林以易学为原理进行设计,可以顺应自然的象数本质,体现“天人合一”的思想。     

锌加(ZINGA)防腐钢筋在杭州湾跨海大桥施工中的应用

杭州湾跨海大桥在极其复杂的海洋环境下施工,外露钢筋极易腐蚀,锌加钢筋能提高钢筋的抗腐蚀能力,本文简介锌加防腐钢筋在大桥施工中的应用情况。     

Prognostic Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Based on Their Morphological Portrait and Expression of Pluripotent Markers

The ability of human pluripotent stem cells for unlimited proliferation and self-renewal promotes their application in the fields of regenerative medicine. The morphological assessment of growing colonies and cells, as a non-invasive method, allows the best clones for further clinical applications to be safely selected. For this purpose, we analyzed seven morphological parameters of both colonies and cells extracted from the phase-contrast images of human embryonic stem cell line H9, control human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line AD3, and hiPSC line HPCASRi002-A (CaSR) in various passages during their growth for 120 h. The morphological phenotype of each colony was classified using a visual analysis and associated with its potential for pluripotency and clonality maintenance, thus defining the colony phenotype as the control parameter. Using the analysis of variance for the morphological parameters of each line, we showed that selected parameters carried information about different cell lines and different phenotypes within each line. We demonstrated that a model of classification of colonies and cells by phenotype, built on the selected parameters as predictors, recognized the phenotype with an accuracy of 70–75%. In addition, we performed a qRT-PCR analysis of eleven pluripotency markers genes. By analyzing the variance of their expression in samples from different lines and with different phenotypes, we identified group-specific sets of genes that could be used as the most informative ones for the separation of the best clones. Our results indicated the fundamental possibility of constructing a morphological portrait of a colony informative for the automatic identification of the phenotype and for linking this portrait to the expression of pluripotency markers.     

Oligomerization of Human Cystatin C—An Amyloidogenic Protein: An Analysis of Small Oligomeric Subspecies

Human cystatin C (HCC), an amyloidogenic protein, forms dimers and higher oligomers (trimers, tetramers and donut like large oligomers) via a domain-swapping mechanism. The aim of this study was the characterization of the HCC oligomeric states observed within the pH range from 2.2 to 10.0 and also in conditions promoting oligomerization. The HCC oligomeric forms obtained in different conditions were characterized using size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. The marked ability of HCC to form tetramers at low pH (2.3 or 3.0) and dimers at pH 4.0–5.0 was observed. HCC remains monomeric at pH levels above 6.0. Based on the SAXS data, the structure of the HCC tetramer was proposed. Changes in the environment (from acid to neutral) induced a breakdown of the HCC tetramers to dimers. The tetrameric forms of human cystatin C are formed by the association of the dimers without a domain-swapping mechanism. These observations were confirmed by their dissociation to dimers at pH 7.4.     

Human β-Defensin 3 Inhibits Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses of Microglia by Suppression of Cathepsins B and L

Recently, the effects of antibacterial peptides are suggested to have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, systemic treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathological changes in middle-aged mice. Then, we examined whether human β-defensins (hBDs), antimicrobial peptides produced by the oral mucosa and salivary glands, can suppress Pg LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by microglia. hBD3 (1 μM) significantly suppressed Pg LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by MG6 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. hBD3 (1 μM) also significantly inhibited Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 by HMC3 cells, a human microglial cell line. In contrast, neither hBD1, hBD2 nor hBD4 failed to inhibit their productions. Furthermore, hBD3 suppressed Pg LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation through the IκBα degradation. Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 was significantly suppressed by E64d, a cysteine protease inhibitor, and CA-074Me, a known specific inhibitor for cathepsin B, but not by pepstatin A, an aspartic protease inhibitor. Interestingly, hBD3 significantly inhibited enzymatic activities of recombinant human cathepsins B and L, lysosomal cysteine proteases, and their intracellular activities in MG6 cells. Therefore, hBD3 suppressed oxidative and inflammatory responses of microglia through the inhibition of cathepsins B and L, which enzymatic activities are necessary for the NF-κB activation.