TVD格式在上游调压室水击数值模拟中的应用

为了模拟含上游调压室水电站的水力过渡过程,采用TVD格式求解水击方程,并结合调压室系统的基本方程组和给定的边界条件来模拟水击压力变化。将此方法用于工程实例,其计算所得的水头与实测水头相吻合;并将计算所得的水头与MacCormark 格式和Lax-Friedrichs格式的计算结果比较,结果表明：TVD格式能有效模拟含上游调压室的水击现象,其结果具有耗散性低,不产生虚假数值震荡,计算精度高等优点。     

半干旱区季节性水源实时调度模型

漳卫南水系地处海河流域南沿,大部分属于半干旱半湿润地区,下游区年产流深仅数十毫米,使得季节性洪水资源利用的意义尤为突出,采用模型计算分析,可模拟季节性各种洪水资源利用方案的利用效率,通过比选便于制定合理的利用方案。根据漳卫南运河中下游水文气象特征,建立实时调度数学模型,并对所采用的数学模型方法及模型河网中的各类节点处理方法进行介绍,该模型可用于汛期实时调度,能为合理蓄存洪水资源提供辅助决策支持。     

Review of thermal-hydraulic researches in severe accidents in light water reactors

The Tohoku Region Pacific Coast Earthquake and subsequent severe accident (SA) in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station caused unprecedented disaster in Japan. Before this accident, considerable researches on SAs had been carried out in Japan. However, unfortunately, such researches could not prevent the accident due to the unexpected huge Tsunami. However, the researches on SAs become more and more important in order to make clear the causes of the accident in Fukushima and improve the safety of nuclear power plants in Japan. In view of this, review on researches on thermal hydraulics in SAs in light water reactors was carried out. Important thermal-hydraulic phenomena in SAs were identified. Research activities on each phenomenon were surveyed mainly based on the articles published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology of Atomic Energy Society of Japan.     

Flow and spawning habitat relationships for Dolly Varden: Understanding habitat–population dynamics in the Canadian Western Arctic

Northern form Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma malma) have been designated as a species of Special Concern in Canada due to declines in population abundance and potential threats. Concern over detrimental effects of low flows on population abundance prompted research on how variability in discharge regimes influence habitat availability. Habitat suitability indices for prespawning and spawning adult anadromous Dolly Varden from two streams were integrated into a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic habitat model to assess the effect of flow variability on usable habitat. Regional hydrographs were used to identify an ecologically relevant range of flows that provided optimal spawning habitat for these populations and examine the relationship between abundance and discharge. Adults spawned in the tail end of pools at moderate water depths and water velocities, and used pebble‐ to cobble‐sized substrate for building redds; whereas, prespawning adults occupied deeper pools with moderate velocities and used cobble for cover. Model outputs showed that spawning habitat availability was optimized at flow rates between 1.6 and 3.0 m³/s and between 1.0 and 6.0 m³/s in Fish Hole Creek (FHC) and Little Fish Creek, respectively. A positive relationship between flows during the fall spawning period and abundance of the FHC population suggests that higher flows coinciding with optimal habitat availability may have contributed to positive recruitment. To strengthen and refine this habitat–population relationship for Dolly Varden in this area requires investigation of a broader suite of variables associated with environmental regimes and physical habitat in reaches used for spawning.     

三峡多级船闸水力学试验检测与控制

 根据三峡多级船闸水力学模型试验检测项目多、测试精度高、数据分析复杂等特点,研制了以计算机为核心的检测控制系统。该系统包括水位和水面检测仪,阀门驱动装置,系缆力测量仪,压力、流速、波浪测量装置以及计算机实时数据采集与控制装置,测控与数据处理软件。利用14位/32路高精度模数转换器对被测模拟量信号进行动态自动标定。软件设计采用灵活的运行参数设置和模块结构。采用通用分析程序进行概率统计分析及FFT分析。系统抗干扰能力强,检测精度高,能在数据采集与控制的同时,实时地显示数据,最终能完成图形及报表输出,系统功能满足试验研究的要求。     

交流液压技术的工作原理及其应用和发展

以采金船九室跳汰机九相交流液压系统为例介绍了交流液压的发展和工作原理,分析了交流液压的优越性和在冶金机械设备中采用交流液压技术的可行性,并对其应用概况作了简述,对其今后的发展提出了看法。     

水轮机水力阻抗特性研究

推导了开度不变、转速不变和出力不变、转速不变两种运行条件下水轮机水力阻抗计算公式,分析了这两种运行条件下机组水力阻抗的差异,指出在混流式水轮机运行范围内,在前者条件下机组水力阻抗大于0,在后者条件下机组水力阻抗小于0.通过理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法,研究了机组水力阻抗对水电站有压输水系统自激振动特性的影响.研究表明:机组水力阻抗的正负决定了系统衰减因子的正负及大小,对系统频率的奇偶性具有选择性.     

深窄峡谷区泄洪雾化及其影响的研究

在已有雾化研究成果的基础上，对挑流雾化问题进行了深入研究，建立了挑流雾化计算新的数学模型．该模型重点考虑了水舌段掺气散裂射流的特性，雾化流的雾流源量及雾流的侧向扩散等关键问题．为验证所建立数学模型的正确性，对乌江渡水电站原型观测资料进行了反馈分析．结果表明，所建立的模型具有较强的预报能力．     

高水基介质液压调速回路的特性研究

高水基液压传动是近代液压技术的重要发展方向之一,它的特性不仅是防止燃烧,保证安全生产,不污染环境,同时价格低廉,特别是在节约能源方面有很大潜力。本文以高水基液体为工作介质,设计制造了一套进行调速回路性能试验的系统,经过试验研究,得出了高水基介质节流调速回路的速度一负载特性曲线,并对功率特性及回路效率进行了分析,可以予见,高水基介质的推广应用将对液压技术的发展带来革命性的变化。     

氯盐体系硝酸/盐酸脉冲萃取分离装置水力学研究

硝酸-氯化钾直接法可低成本制备熔盐级硝酸钾,溶剂萃取分离氯盐溶液中的硝酸和盐酸是关键步骤之一。研究了处理H⁺/K⁺/Cl^-/H₂O-磷酸三丁酯/磺化煤油体系脉冲筛板萃取塔的水力学性能,结果表明分散相液滴直径随脉冲强度的增大而减小,与两相表观流速无关;存留分数随脉冲强度的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,随两相表观流速的增大而增大。拟合得到了液滴直径与存留分数的Kumar-Hartland关联式,两者计算值和实验值的平均相对偏差（AARD）分别为4.74%与5.60%。