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51.
Hoon C. Park Chahngmin Cho Sung W. Lee 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》1995,38(24):4101-4122
The present paper describes an assumed strain finite element model with six degrees of freedom per node designed for geometrically non-linear shell analysis. An important feature of the present paper is the discussion on the spurious kinematic modes and the assumed strain field in the geometrically non-linear setting. The kinematics of deformation is described by using vector components in contrast to the conventional formulation which requires the use of trigonometric functions of rotational angles. Accordingly, converged solutions can be obtained for load or displacement increments that are much larger than possible with the conventional formulation with rotational angles. In addition, a detailed study of the spurious kinematic modes and the choice of assumed strain field reveals that the same assumed strain field can be used for both geometrically linear and non-linear cases to alleviate element locking while maintaining kinematic stability. It is strongly recommended that the element models, described in the present paper, be used instead of the conventional shell element models that employ rotational angles. 相似文献
52.
岩壁梁是一种新型结构,为通过一定深度的锚杆将钢筋混凝土梁固定在地下厂房两侧的岩壁上,而吊车荷载则通过锚杆和钢筋混凝土与岩石接触面的摩擦力传到岩体上,形成岩壁梁和岩体共同受力的结构。岩壁梁是地下厂房施工和运行的核心建筑物,岩壁梁锚杆和混凝土的施工质量是直接关系到岩壁梁成败的关键,所以施工技术和施工质量均要求极高,是地下厂房系统施工的重点和难点。本文介绍了瀑布沟水电站地下厂房岩壁梁锚杆和混凝土施工的关键技术及质量控制经验,可供同类工程借鉴参考。 相似文献
53.
Rates of ammonia (NH3) loss from a ryegrass sward measured using a system of small wind tunnels were compared with concurrent measurements made using a micrometeorological mass balance method. Measurements were made during two experiments within a circular plot (radius 10m) treated with urea at a rate of 200kgNha?1. In the first experiment, air speed through the tunnels was adjusted as necessary to maintain a value of approximately 1ms?1. This value differed on most occasions from the mean ambient wind speed which was measured at a height of 250mm and which ranged from 0.61 to 2.95ms?1. Rates of loss measured using the wind tunnels differed by a factor of between two and five from those measured using the mass balance method; there was no consistent pattern in the differences between the rates of loss. The total losses of NH3 measured during 15 days were equivalent to 49.1 and 30.2kg Nha?1 for the mass balance and wind tunnel methods, respectively. In the second experiment, air speed through the tunnels was adjusted as necessary to maintain a value as close as possible to the mean ambient wind speed measured at a height of 250mm. Rates of NH3 loss measured using the two methods did not differ significantly; total losses of NH3 during 17 days were equivalent to 96.9 and 101kg Nha?1 for the mass balance and wind tunnel methods, respectively. The difference between the findings of the two experiments could be attributed to the direct effect of air speed through the tunnels rather than to differences between ambient temperatures and those inside the tunnels. During and following periods of rain the rates of loss measured using the tunnels were up to six times greater than those observed with the mass balance method. Rates of loss measured by the two methods became similar again when the tunnels were moved following rain. The study demonstrates that enclosures can be designed and operated to provide reliable measurements of the rate of NH3 loss from grassland. Potential applications of the two methods are discussed. 相似文献
54.
主要介绍了马钢公司30000 m3/h制氧机工程中冷箱基础珠光砂混凝土的试配、检验与施工。 相似文献
55.
56.
A methodology for evaluating the reactivity of titanium with mould materials during casting has been developed. Microhardness
profiles and analysis of oxygen contamination have provided an index for evaluation of the reactivity of titanium. Microhardness
profile delineates two distinct regions, one of which is characterised by a low value of hardness which is invariant with
distance. The reaction products are uniformly distributed in the metal in this region. The second is characterised by a sharp
decrease in microhardness with distance from the metal-mould interface. It represents a diffusion zone for solutes that dissolve
into titanium from the mould. The qualitative profiles for contaminants determined by scanning electron probe microanalyser
and secondary ion mass spectroscopy in the as-cast titanium were found to be similar to that of microhardness, implying that
microhardness can be considered as an index of the contamination resulting from metal-mould reaction. 相似文献
57.
钢结构稳定设计——理论与实践 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文提出了实际工程结构的非线性理论设计和分析方法(NIDA),并以澳门回归纪念馆的设计为例,展示了本方法的优越性.在设计过程中,设计者无需假设K系数和有效长度,在结构分析完成后便可迅速完成设计,因此本文提出的方法既经济又便利.尽管对于钢框架在往复荷载及动力荷载作用下的弹塑性大位移分析已经非常成熟,但本文的方法开创了结构的非线性分析及设计的新纪元,能够对现行的设计方法理论起到巨大的推动作用. 相似文献
58.
节理岩体的代表单元集合体模型及弹性参数预测 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文明确提出了节理岩体“代表单元集合体”的概念和模型,通过对节理岩体的“代表单元集合体”进行数值模拟,研究了节理岩体的“代表单元集合体”的变形特性,建立了节理岩体的弹性模型,提出了预测节理岩体宏观等效弹性参数的计算机模拟方法,并将其应用于岩体工程稳定性分析中。 相似文献
59.
The present paper will outline the main aspects of the design and construction of cooling towers in Germany in the last decade. As part of electricity generating power plants, cooling towers play a significant role for the availability of reliable energy supplies, in a manner compatible with environmental requirements. They definitely belong to the largest and thinnest concrete structures at present. Because of the combined action of wind, thermal and moisture effects, special care has to be taken with regard to fatigue, cracking and corrosion to ensure an adequate level of safety and durability. Such a design strategy has been employed for the world’s tallest cooling tower at the Niederaussem power plant in Germany, with an overall height of 200 m and thickness values of 22–24 cm. Special considerations included the realistic non-axisymmetric distribution of soil characteristics, wind action due to interference effects (as determined by wind-tunnel tests), optimisation of the shell shape to improve structural and dynamic behaviour, injection of the cleaned flue-gas into the cooling tower, and the use of high-performance concrete (85 MPa) to improve shell resistance against acid attack by the cleaned flue-gas. The paper will present some results of an actual research project on this problem, which was conducted at the University of Wuppertal, to explore the use of high-performance concrete on design, stability and durability of cooling tower shells. 相似文献
60.