Multicast protection scheme in survivable WDM optical networks

The protection design is a key issue in survivable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. Most researches focused on protecting unicast traffic against the failure of a single network component such as a link or a node. In this paper, we investigate the protection scheme for multicast traffic in meshed WDM optical networks under dual-link failure consideration, and propose a novel protection algorithm called shared segment protection with reprovisioning (SSPR). Through dynamically adjusting link-cost according to the current network state, SSPR establishes a primary light-tree and corresponding link-disjoint backup segments for each multicast connection request. A backup segment can efficiently share wavelength capacity of its working tree or the common resource of other backup segments. Capacity reprovisioning establishes new segments for the vulnerable connections after a link failure and tolerates following link failures. The simulation results show that SSPR not only can make good use of wavelength resources and protect multicast sessions against any single-link failure, but also can greatly improve the traffic restorability in the event of dual-link breakdown.     

ANALYSIS OF FIRST TRANSIENT PRESSURE OSCILLATION FOR LEAK DETECTION IN A SINGLE PIPELINE

The leak detection is of great importance in the reliable operation and management of a pipeline system. Recently,attention is shifted to the use of the time domain or frequency domain methods based on the transient analysis. These methodssometimes require accurate pressure signals obtained during the transient period or by creating ideal conditions in testing. This paperproposes a method that does not require transient simulations over the whole or an extended period of time, but uses the first transientpressure oscillation to detect leaks. The method considers the propagation of the pressure oscillation wave created from a fast valveclosure and the reflected damp wave from the leak. A leak in the pipe gives rise to reflected waves which in turn creatediscontinuities in the observed signal at the measurement section. The timing of the reflected damp wave and the magnituderepresent the location and the size of the leak, respectively. An analytical expression is derived based on the Method OfCharacteristic (MOC) for the relationship between the leakage and the reflected magnitude. The leak detection procedure based onthe method is also given. Then the reliability of the method is tested on numerically simulated pressure signals and experimentalpressure signals with calibrated leak parameters, and the results indicate a successful application and the promising features of themethod.     

中国环流器HL和欧洲联合环JET的检漏技术进展

对HL环流器系列装置,开发了蒽-丙酮荧光液渗透检漏用于真空内衬的零部件检漏,灵敏度可以达到10-9Pa.m 3.s-1,示漏位置分辨小于0.5mm;对大容器真空检漏,采用四极质谱计和氦质谱检漏仪相配合的检漏法;对压力容器检漏,开发了真空罩吸枪-氦质谱检漏系统,还研制了适于抽除大量水汽的检漏真空机组。对氘氚放电的JET,使用普通的氦质谱检漏仪(扇形磁体型)受到真空室壁释放所吸留的氢同位素的、尤其是氘的严重干扰,因为示漏气体氦(4H e,4.0026u)与氘(D2,4.0282u)的质量数十分相近。在氦质谱检漏仪入口处串接选择性抽气泵——用液氮冷阱来抽除可凝气体、用分子筛泵或10K低温泵来抑制氢同位素本底,并前置一个涡轮分子泵来压缩加强采样气流等。这种加强组合能使原先的氦质谱检漏系统灵敏度提高3个量级以上。     

汽车油箱检漏系统的研制

采用气体压差原理研制了一种用于汽车生产中油箱密封性的智能检漏系统。在系统结构设计的基础上,又设计了其硬件电路、编写了软件,并采取了抗干扰措施。     

Preliminary Assessment and Rating of Stream Channel Stability near Bridges

The primary cause of bridge failure in the United States is scour and channel instability around the bridge foundations. The ability to assess channel stability in the vicinity of bridges is needed to alert engineers to possible unstable conditions at the bridge foundations, to design stable road crossings, and to mitigate against erosion at those structures. This information is valuable for stream stabilization projects as well, particularly for cases where the reach to be restored includes a bridge. However, a systematic methodology for rapidly assessing channel stability that is applicable at bridges located in the various regions of the country does not currently exist. In this study, an assessment method for the preliminary documentation and rating of channel stability near bridges was developed, based on prior stability assessment methods as well as observations at bridges in 13 physiographic regions of the continental United States. This method provides an assessment of channel stability conditions as they affect bridge foundations. It is intended for a quick assessment of conditions for the purpose of documenting conditions at bridges and for judging whether more extensive geomorphic studies or complete hydraulic and sediment transport analyses are needed to assess the potential for adverse conditions developing at a particular bridge in the future.     

高温超导交流磁体气冷电流引线的优化设计和实验

通过研究交流超导磁体气冷电流引线两段式模型的优化设计,使得其向低温系统的漏热达到最小,并自行设计热测法实验装置进行了实验研究.结果表明在引线顶端温度为300 K、引线下端温度为77 K、引线传输电流为460 A的情况下,得到最佳引线直径为7.9 mm,与实验值8 mm符合.对交流电流引线的趋肤效应进行了分析和讨论.     

Development of microphone leak detection technology on Fugen NPP

A method of leak detection, based on high-temperature resistant microphones, was originally developed in JNC to detect leakages with flow rates from 1 m³/h to 500m³/h. The development performed on Fugen is focused on detection of a small leakage at an early stage. Specifically, for the inlet feeder pipes the leak rate of 0.2gpm (0.046m³/h) has been chosen as a target detection capability. Evaluation of detection sensitivity was carried out in order to check the capability of the method to satisfy this requirement. The possibility of detecting and locating a small leakage has been demonstrated through the research.     

负压波定位理论在输油管道泄漏监测系统中应用

本文主要讲述了负压波理论在输油管道泄漏监测系统的具体应用情况，分析了采用同压波理论进行泄漏定位的过程中时间差的求解问题，提出了三种求取时间差的方法，通过负压滤理论的定位公式以及时间差对泄漏点进行定位。     

Software Process and Product Improvement: A Historical Perspective

In this paper, a historical overview of significant attempts to get over the software crisis is presented. In particular, we trace the development of lifecycle models and information systems development methodologies during the last four decades. Finally, we explore the role of measurements and outline current and future works leading to process and product improvement.     

Monitoring of multivariable dynamic processes and sensor auditing

Industrial continuous processes are usually operated under closed-loop control, yielding process measurements that are autocorrelated, cross correlated, and collinear. A statistical process monitoring (SPM) method based on state variables is introduced to monitor such processes. The statistical model that describes the in-control variability is based on a canonical variate (CV) state space model. The CV state variables are linear combinations of the past process measurements which explain the variability of the future measurements the most, and they are regarded as the principal dynamic dimensions. A T² statistic based on the CV state variables is utilized for developing the SPM procedure. The CV state variables are also used for monitoring sensor reliability. An experimental application to a high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurization process illustrates the proposed methodology.