光伏储能用VRLA蓄电池的设计与开发

对于光伏储能用VRLA蓄电池的设计与开发,要严格按照产品的使用环境情况进行分析,有针对性地调整配方、工艺控制参数、正负极板的设计比例等,以满足光伏储能用铅酸蓄电池的要求.     

铅酸蓄电池设计系统软件的开发

为了对密封铅酸蓄电池的开发进行全程辅助支持,开发了阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池(VRLA)辅助设计软件——电池设计系统(BDS)。在BDS软件中,除了常规的开发功能外,还增加了槽体设计和失水估算功能。为维护设计数据的一致性,引进了参数设置、数据文件共享功能。通过设计向导、联机帮助、窗口提示、全面的快捷操作和统一的界面设计等,可以提供一个良好的开发环境。软件的开发功能和联机帮助均可以随时根据需要进行定制或者添加新的内容。     

基于MS5401-BZ的蓄电池气密性检测设备的研制

介绍了用于蓄电池气密性检测设备的气压传感MS5401-BZ及其信号调理方法,利用P89LPC938单片机进行A/D转换及数据处理,控制气缸的上下移动及蓄电池各气室的交替充、放气,应用直压检测方式及一键式工作模式,实现了蓄电池各气室泄漏状况的自动检测。应用表明,该仪器检测精度高、性能稳定可靠。     

Plasma assisted and manipulated deposition of thin film electrodes for micro batteries

The properties of the thin film electrodes have been the main factors for the performances of lithium or lithium ion micro batteries, i.e. thin film batteries. In this paper, plasma assisted and manipulated techniques have been developed for the fabrication of polycrystalline thin film cathodes, and of amorphous/nano-crystalline thin film anodes. The thin film electrodes were deposited by magnetron sputtering under precisely controlled plasma conditions. The deposition apparatuses were designed to obtain the desired film properties by equipping a long anode-shield or an inductive coil. Polycrystalline LiMn₂O₄ thin film cathodes with a smooth surface were deposited, which greatly reduced the cathode/electrolyte interface resistances. Amorphous/nano-crystalline Sn thin film anodes were obtained free of plasma induced large grains, which enhanced the cycling stability. The results have demonstrated that by careful designs of deposition apparatus the plasma conditions can be precisely controlled and therefore the thin film electrodes of desired properties can be obtained.     

Synthesis and characterization of Li2MnSiO4/C nanocomposite cathode material for lithium ion batteries

A high capacity Li₂MnSiO₄/C nanocomposite cathode material with good rate performance for lithium ion batteries through a solution route has been successfully prepared. The material is able to deliver a reversible capacity of 209 mAh g⁻¹ in the first cycle, i.e. more than one electron exchange can be reversible cycled in the materials. The highly dispersion of nanocrystalline Li₂MnSiO₄ which was surround by a thin film of carbon was attributed to the cause of excellent performance of the materials. Ex situ XRD and IR results show that poor cycling behavior of Li₂MnSiO₄ might be due to an amorphization process of the materials.     

Lithium intercalation and alloying effects on electronic structures of spinel lithium manganese oxides

Employing the DV-Xα molecular orbital method, lithium intercalation effect and alloying effect have been investigated on the electronic structures of spinel M_xMn_2−xO₄ and LiM_xMn_2−xO₄ (M=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu). It is found that the lithium intercalation induces the electron transfer from Li to the surrounding O ions, and enlarges the Mn-3d/O-2p band gap greatly. Such a modification of the oxygen electronic state is probably related to the electrochemical cell voltage. This lithium intercalation effect still holds even in the alloyed systems. However, the amount of transferred charges from M to O ions changes depending on the alloying element, M. So the alloying addition modifies the oxygen electronic state and influences the lithium intercalation process indirectly.     

A water-activated cuprous bromide battery

In this work a water-activated copper(I) bromide battery was developed and investigated. CuBr combined with sulphur as the reactive cathode material was compared with the CuCl-sulphur combination, the anode being in both cases a magnesium alloy. Battery characteristics were tested at room temperature and in an atmosphere simulation chamber because water-activated batteries are mostly used in meteorological radiosondes. Heat evolution was studied calorimetrically, and the potentials of the single electrodes were measured in half-cell experiments. The practical voltages remained significantly lower than the theoretical ones. The low actual voltages of the batteries were found to be caused by the potential loss at the magnesium anode. The heat evolution power of the CuBr battery was approximately 20% lower than the power of the CuCl battery as a result of bromide ions that catalyse the exothermic corrosion reaction of magnesium less than chloride ions. The CuBr battery is environmentally preferable to the CuCl battery because the reaction that produces harmful Cu²⁺ ions does not progress with CuBr. The problem when using CuBr is the slow activation, which can be accelerated by adding soluble salts to increase the conductivity of the electrolyte.     

One-pot lithium bromide-catalyzed reaction of polyoxyethylene diglycidyl ether with carbon disulfide: synthesis of new polyoxyethylene epoxyoxathiolane-2-thione

A simple and highly efficient regio- and chemio-specific synthesis of polyoxyethylene epoxyoxathiolan-2-thione was realized from a one-pot reaction of polyoxyethylene diglycidyl ether and carbon disulfide using lithium bromide as a catalyst. The unsymmetrical obtained products were fully characterized by ¹H, ¹³C NMR and high-resolution mass spectra data.     

Thermodynamically consistent modeling of elementary electrochemistry in lithium-ion batteries

This paper is particularly concerned with the elementary reactions and transport processes that are responsible for Li-ion battery performance. The model generally follows the widely practiced approach developed by Newman and co-workers (e.g., Doyle et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 (1993) 1526 [1]). However, there are significant departures, especially in modeling electrochemical charge transfer. The present approach introduces systems of microscopically reversible reactions, including both heterogeneous thermal reactions and electrochemical charge-transfer reactions. All reaction rates are evaluated in elementary form, providing a powerful alternative to a Butler-Volmer formalism for the charge-transfer reactions. The paper is particularly concerned with the influence of non-ideal thermodynamics for evaluating reversible potentials as well as charge-transfer rates. The theory and modeling approach establishes a framework for extending chemistry models to incorporate detailed reaction mechanisms that represent multiple competitive reaction pathways.     

锂离子电池隔膜的研究及发展现状

综述了隔膜主要作用及性能、国内外研究发展现状。重点叙述了隔膜的制备方法,对干法和湿法的原理、工艺及所制得的隔膜性能上的区别进行了详细的阐述;同时简单介绍了隔膜的改性研究现状和新型电池隔膜的发展,最后对电池隔膜的未来发展趋势进行展望。