Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracted saponins and flavonols from germinated black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Flavonoids and saponins from common beans have been widely studied due to their bioactivity. This research evaluated the effect of germination of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on the antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines of saponins and flavonoids extracted from seed coats, cotyledons and sprouts. Principal component analysis was performed to achieve punctual associations between the black bean saponins and flavonoids concentrations to the antioxidant capacity and the antiproliferative activities. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts were higher when obtained from seed coats, mainly from the 3rd germination day. The extracts obtained from seed coats after 3 and 5 germination days inhibited all cancer cell lines proliferation with no cytotoxicity against control cells. Genistein was related with the activity against mammary cancer cells but flavonols and group B saponins were more related with hepatic and colon cancers. Non-glycosilated flavonols were related with antioxidant capacity.     

Changes on indigenous microbiota,colour, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of pasteurised pomegranate juice

Juices prepared from arils of ‘Mollar’ pomegranates were analysed for naturally occurring microorganisms, CIE Lab colour parameters, total phenols, anthocyanins and punicalagins, ellagic acid content and antioxidant capacity before and after low-, mild- and high-temperature pasteurisations (LTPs, MTPs and HTPs): 65, 80 and 90 °C for 30 or 60 s. Mean aerobic plate count (APC), yeast and mold count (YMC), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for fresh juices were 5.7, 5.36 and 4.0 log CFU/mL, respectively. MTPs and HTPs were sufficiently effective to decrease APCs to nil or negligible levels. An increase in CIE a values and decrease in CIE b values were the characteristic colour changes in heat-treated juices. The effect of pasteurisations showed that total phenols, punicalagins and ellagic acid were not much affected by thermal processing. Total anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity were substantially and significantly influenced by the heat treatment applied. A linear relationship was observed between Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values and total anthocyanins, suggesting that they contributed strongly to the antioxidant capacity of pomegranate juice.     

Preparation and characteristics of squid pen β‐chitin prepared under optimal deproteinisation and demineralisation condition

Squid (Todarodes pacifica) pen was an excellent source of β‐chitin with 25.5% yield. The optimal condition to prepare squid pen β‐chitin was established: deproteinisation with 3% NaOH for 30 min at 15 psi/121 °C and a solid/solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and a subsequent demineralisation with 1 N HCl for 30 min at room temperature and a solid/solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v). Squid pen β‐chitin contained 6.29% nitrogen, 0.25% ash, and negligible fat with degree of acetylation of 94.02%, residual amino acid of 0.499 g/100 g and bulk density of 0.28 g mL^?1. Depending on its particle size, squid pen β‐chitin visually looked white (L* = 82.82, a* = ?0.67, b* = 6.31; particle size of 0.15–0.18 mm) or light grey (L* = 62.88, a* = 0.33, b* = 10.66; particle size of 0.425–0.841 mm). Water, fat and dye‐binding capacity of squid pen β‐chitin was 694.67%, 194.03% and 79.81%, respectively.     

肌肉蛋白质乳化凝胶及保油保水性机理研究进展

肌肉蛋白质乳化及热诱导凝胶特性是肉糜类制品加工的基础,它直接关系到制品的流变学特性、质构、保油保水性和口感等。文中主要从分子及化学作用力角度简述了肌肉蛋白质乳化脂肪、热诱导凝胶及保油保水性机理,以期为乳化凝胶类肉制品加工提供一定的理论依据。     

不同品质食用白酒对大鼠肝脏形态及其抗氧化能力的影响

为了观察不同品质食用白酒对大鼠肝脏形态及其抗氧化能力影响.将53 ％vol不同品质的白酒分为一号品酒、二号品酒、三号品酒和四号品酒,准备健康雄性SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠54只,随机分为9组:一号品酒高、低剂量组;二号品酒高、低剂量组;三号品酒高、低剂量组;四号品酒高、低剂量组以及生理盐水对照组.按低剂量(4 mL/kg·d)、高剂量(8mL/kg·d)分别给予SD大鼠灌胃2个月,最后一次灌胃后,禁食12h,取肝脏组织,制作肝脏切片,进行HE染色、苏丹染色和Masson染色,观察其组织形态学改变;比色法测肝脏抗氧化能力及其乙醇脱氢酶(Alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH).结果表明:①各实验组剂量依赖性地加重了肝脏细胞变性、脂肪变性和纤维增生,但以一号品酒大鼠肝细胞纤维化的变化较轻,四号品酒大鼠肝细胞变化严重;②各实验组大鼠的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)比对照组高(p＜0.05);一号品酒低剂量组的还原性谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)比对照组高(p＜0.05);二号品酒低剂量组的丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)值比正常组低(p＜0.05);③除二号品酒高剂量组、四号品酒高剂量组外的其余实验组大鼠肝脏乙醇脱氢酶(Alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)值比对照组高(p＜0.05),一号品酒低剂量组、三号品酒低剂量组大鼠ADH值比二号品酒低剂量组、四号品酒低剂量组高(p＜0.05);三号品酒高剂量组大鼠ADH值比四号品酒高剂量组高(p＜0.05);同种品酒高、低剂量组之间无统计学差异(p＞0.05).由此推测,饮酒2个月,可引起肝脏形态学上的改变,肝脏的抗氧化能力和ADH酶活性增强,其变化的程度与酒的种类和剂量有关.     

双工位穿梭车系统能力优化

为解决卷烟企业成品自动化物流系统中双工位穿梭车搬运能力不足等问题,利用约束理论(Theory of Constraints,TOC)从检测器件设置、技术参数、物流工艺、自动控制、计算机调度等环节进行了综合优化改进:①通过现场试验测试优化穿梭车及其接口设备的技术参数;②把火警物流作业工艺流程改为消防报警联动;③穿梭车的启停、加减速由伺服控制器控制改为PLC控制;④穿梭车作业调度由先到先搬运策略改为数学模型优化调度.应用效果表明,改进后双工位穿梭车系统实际生产测试搬运能力由86.0盘/小时提高到133.7盘/小时,比生产额定需求能力118.6盘/小时高出15.1盘/小时.系统运行稳定可靠,有效解决了双工位穿梭车系统能力的瓶颈问题,提高了系统的有效作业率.     

丁香多酚细胞抗氧化活性的研究

目的：研究丁香多酚对由H2O2引起的人肝细胞RBL氧化损伤的保护作用。方法：采用H2O2诱导建立细胞氧化损伤模型,通过测定细胞存活率、细胞抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛等指标,分析探讨丁香多酚对细胞损伤的保护作用。结果：结果表明,100μmol/L H2O2孵育24h可显著诱导RBL细胞损伤,使细胞存活力下降到24.64%,细胞经不同浓度的丁香多酚（0.1、0.5、2、10mg/L）与H2O2共孵育后,特别是10mg/L丁香多酚可使细胞存活率达到59.18%。丁香多酚可通过提高SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性,降低MDA含量,促进受损的RBL细胞修复。结论：丁香多酚对H2O2诱导氧化损伤的RBL细胞具有显著的保护作用,可作为食源性抗氧化剂。     

山药多糖的体外抗氧化活性及对正常小鼠的免疫增强作用

从提取淀粉后的山药汁液干粉中提取多糖,探讨其体外抗氧化活性和对正常小鼠的免疫调节活性。结果表明山药多糖的还原力随着浓度的提高显著增强,对DPPH.、.OH及O2.-具有较强的清除能力,并呈一定的剂量关系,清除率分别可达到92.73%、84.72%、89.14%;与正常对照组小鼠相比,中、高剂量组的免疫脏器指数和吞噬细胞的吞噬指数、血清溶血素水平均显著提高,其中高剂量组均达到极显著水平,高剂量组还极显著增加迟发型变态反应引起的小鼠足跖厚度。因此山药多糖具有较好的抗氧化性和免疫增强活性,为安全天然食品抗氧化剂、免疫增强剂的开发提供了新来源,并为山药的综合开发利用奠定了基础。     

考虑滑移效应的钢-混凝土组合梁弹性受弯承载力计算

以冷弯薄壁U型钢-混凝土组合梁为研究对象,对组合梁进行了理论分析,建立了考虑滑移效应的弹性抗弯强度计算公式,并计算了8根简支冷弯薄壁U型钢-混凝土组合梁弹性抗弯承载力.将理论计算值与相关文献中的试验结果进行对比,结果表明:考虑滑移效应的弹性弯矩计算值与试验值吻合较好,滑移效应对组合梁弹性抗弯承载力降低的影响不能忽略.