河南省对外汉语专业本科生就业问题及对策探析

分析了影响对外汉语专业毕业生就业的各种因素,主张以积极的心态看待就业形势,正视存在的问题,加强专业建设,优化课程设置,落实实践环节,提升专业素质和求职技能,以提高对外汉语专业学生就业率和就业质量。     

协作中继中断性能和差错概率分析

针对单峰窝下通信的三节点(源节点、中继节点和目的节点)协作传输模型,分析了中继节点分别采用放大转发模式和解码转发模式时对传输的中断概率和差错概率,并采用蒙特卡洛仿真对其性能进行评估。仿真结果表明,与放大转发模式相比解码转发模式可获得更低的中断概率,而解码转发模式的误比特率低于放大转发模式。     

基于贝叶斯理论的传感器网络节点故障检测方法

提出了运用贝叶斯理论进行传感器网络节点故障检测的方法,通过分析传感器网络中各节点的影响关系,利用贝叶斯理论对各节点的正常率进行估值计算,给出正常率计算的推导过程,通过实例验证了计算过程并与其他检测方法进行了比较分析.该方法计算简单、方便、快速,能估算检测用例数目、降低检测成本,为传感器网络节点故障的检测提供了支持.     

A modern and robust methodology for modeling anisotropic creep characteristics of Ni-based DS and SC superalloys

According to more recent work,the Wilshire equations have shown good prediction accuracy in a wide range of materials and stress-temperature conditions,particularly in extrapolation of short term results to long term predictions.In the current paper,this methodology was further developed for modeling anisotropic creep characteristics(i.e.minimum creep strain εmin ,stress rupture life tf and time to a specified strain tε)of four typical Ni-based directionally solidified(DS)and single crystal(SC)superalloys,where a simple orientation factor related to the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)was introduced.The application of these simplistic approaches showed that the anisotropic creep characteristics in a wide range of stress-temperature conditions can be accurately simulated.Meanwhile,during the application of the modified Wilshire equations,break points occurring at the specified stress levels agree well with the transition of creep deformation mechanisms occurring in different stress regions,which provides confidence for using this method.     

Effects of the radial force on the static contact properties and sealing performance of a radial lip seal

The radial force is a critical factor to determine the sealing performance of radial lip seals.The effects of radial force produced by garter spring and interference on the static contact properties and sealing performance of a radial lip seal are investigated by numerical simulations and experiments.Finite-element analysis and mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication simulation are used.Radial force,contact width,temperature in the sealing zone,the reverse pumping rate and friction torque are measured.A critical value of interference for a cost-effectively designed radial lip seal is found.Spring force is required to compensate the decrease of the radial force because of the interference and used as a possible way to obtain intelligent control of sealing performance.The quantitative results gotten in this study could provide guide for the seal design and improvement.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanism of grain growth in magnesia ceramics prepared by high pressure and temperature with ultra-high heating rate

The fast densification method of combustion reaction plus quick pressing was adopted to prepare nanocrystalline ceramics.The densification process of magnesia compact with a particle size of 100 nm was investigated,under the applied pressure of up to 170 MPa,and the temperature range of 1740–2080 K with ultra-high heating rate(above 1700 K/min).High-purity magnesia ceramics with a relative density of 98.8%and an average grain size of 120 nm was obtained at 1740 K,and the grain growth during the densification process was effectively restrained.The characteristic morphology of evaporation-condensation was observed in the compact prepared at 2080 K,which revealed the actual process of mass transfer by gas diffusion.Moreover,the investigation on the microstructure evolution and mechanism of grain growth was carried out,on the basis of as-preserved nanocrystalline ceramics.The result indicated that the grain growth of the nanocrystalline MgO was controlled by the mechanism of evaporation-condensation rather than surface diffusion.Furthermore,the pressure had an influence of restraining the grain growth based on solid diffusion and strengthening the effect of gas diffusion with the increasing temperature.Under the particular conditions,there existed an appropriate temperature for the densification of nanocrystalline magnesia,while the excessive temperature would exaggerate grain growth and impede densification.     

Evaluation of rope shovel operators in surface coal mining using a Multi-Attribute Decision-Making model简

Rope shovels are used to dig and load materials in surface mines. One of the main factors that influence the production rate and energy consumption of rope shovels is the performance of the operator. This paper presents a method for evaluating rope shovel operators using the Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) model. Data used in this research were collected from an operating surface coal mine in the southern United States. The MADM model consists of attributes, their weights of importance, and alternatives. Shovel operators are considered the alternatives. The energy consumption model was developed with multiple regression analysis, and its variables were included in the MADM model as attributes. Preferences with respect to min/max of the defined attributes were obtained with multi-objective optimization. Multi-objective optimization was conducted with the overall goal of minimizing energy consumption and maximizing production rate. Weights of importance of the attributes were determined by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The overall evaluation of operators was performed by one of the MADM models, i.e., PROMETHEE II. The research results presented here may be used by mining professionals to help evaluate the performance of rope shovel operators in surface mining.     

大跨悬索桥索梁锚固区疲劳养护概率优化方法

合理的桥梁养护规划应在养护费用与失效风险之间找到一个合理的平衡.将养护费用分为检测费用,维修费用与失效费用,将线弹性断裂力学、结构可靠度理论、全寿命成本分析法结合起来,提出了基于全寿命周期成本的焊接构件疲劳养护概率优化的方法.考虑了检测概率、养护决策者的维修意愿、维修措施概率和失效概率等多种因素,把桥梁养护优化问题变为在焊接结构或构件满足在生命周期内最小允许可靠度的基础下,养护总费用最小的问题,并提出了简化计算方法.以青草背长江大桥索梁锚固区的关键疲劳细节养护为例,研究了主要参数对最优检测时刻的影响,研究结果表明,考虑了失效成本后,最优疲劳养护时刻提前,折现率对养护费用影响明显.当车辆荷载逐年增加时,索梁锚固区在设计基准期内疲劳破坏风险增大,应引起足够的重视.     

高温高应变率下AM60B镁合金力学性能及失效行为

为了研究镁合金在高温、高应变速率下的变形行为及失效机制,采用分离式Hopkinson压杆在应变速率为1 600~4 500 s^-1、温度为27~150 ℃范围内,对真空压铸AM60B镁合金进行了动态压缩实验,并采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对压缩后的组织进行了观察.结果表明:在所测试的应变范围内,随着应变率的提高,应力-应变曲线均呈现上升趋势,且最大应变也随之增加,表现出正应变率强化效应.在150 ℃时真空压铸AM60B镁合金变形能力最好; 50 ℃时断裂强度最高.真空压铸AM60B镁合金在高温及高应变率下的断裂方式为以解理断裂为主并伴有韧性断裂的混合断裂方式.当变形温度低于150 ℃时,真空压铸AM60B镁合金在高应变率压缩下的变形机制主要是滑移.     

枝晶间距对镍基单晶合金蠕变性能的影响

为了研究枝晶间距对镍基单晶合金组织与蠕变性能的影响,采用不同抽拉速率制备出两种不同枝晶间距的单晶镍基合金.通过蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了枝晶间距对合金成分偏析及蠕变性能的影响.结果表明,随着合金枝晶间距的减小,元素成分偏析程度降低,且在相同热处理条件下,枝晶间距较小的合金具有较好的蠕变性能.合金在稳态蠕变期间的变形机制是位错攀移越过筏状γ′相,而蠕变后期的变形机制是位错在基体中滑移和切入筏状γ′相.蠕变断裂后,在试样不同区域筏状γ′相具有不同的形貌,在远离断口区域,筏状γ′相与应力轴方向垂直,而在近断口区域,筏状γ′相尺寸及扭曲程度均增加.