济钢中厚板质量问题分析及其控制

济钢中厚板的主要质量问题是裂纹、探伤不合、钢板分层。裂纹主要与热送有关,探伤不合和钢板分层则与连铸坯的中心质量密切相关。通过降低铸坯中心的偏析和疏松,避免了中心裂纹的产生。实施真空处理和铸坯缓冷,增加轧制道次压下率等措施,有利于提高探伤合格率和降低分层率。     

反应介质对芝麻林素转化生成芝麻素酚的影响

以干燥的甲苯、石油醚、丙酮为反应介质,研究不同反应介质对磷钨酸催化芝麻林素转化生成芝麻素酚的影响。在反应温度55℃,反应底物浓度3 mmol/L,催化剂用量0.5 g/L的条件下,分别在不同时间取样并利用HPLC分析芝麻素酚的生成率和反应进程,结果表明:在研究时间内,不同介质中芝麻素酚生成率依次为石油醚(26.3%)丙酮(18.4%)甲苯(15.2%),且石油醚为介质的反应中生成的副产物少,因此选择石油醚作反应介质,并在下一步研究中优化反应条件,以期提高芝麻素酚的生成率。     

基于遗传算法的木糖醇发酵培养基优化研究

运用遗传算法,对利用莫格假丝酵母由木糖生产木糖醇的发酵培养基优化进行研究,用４０个实验样本完成了６种培养基成份,５０个浓度水平的优化任务。实验结果表明：利用遗传算法可优化培养基成份富量,取得更好的发酵效果。按照优化后的培养基组成,由５０ｇ／Ｌ木糖获得了２９．７ｇ／Ｌ木糖醇,比优化前提高５．７％。     

寒地特色中小苹果果汁加工酶处理技术研究

以黑龙江省中小型苹果K9、铃铛、黄太平、金红品种为试材,以品种、酶解时间、酶解温度、加酶量作四因素四水平的正交实验,研究适宜加工果汁的苹果品种及酶解工艺。结果表明:品种选择K9,酶解时间4h,酶解温度50℃,加酶量为800U/100g组合的果汁质量指标最佳。此工艺条件下可使出汁率提高41%,可溶性固形物提高9%,总酸提高32%,色值降低82%。其中,影响各项质量指标的主要因素是品种,其次是酶解温度。     

The effects of pressure and temperature on the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas and regeneration of the catalyst to recover the sulfur produced

The influence of pressure up to 5600 kPa and temperature up to 175 °C on the oxidation of low concentrations of H₂S in natural gas was studied in a fixed bed reactor over an activated carbon catalyst. Operation of this system at 5600 kPa provides higher catalyst activity (virtually 100% H₂S conversion) over a longer period of time and with lower selectivity to SO₂ than when operated at atmospheric pressure. The desorption of sulfur from a loaded catalyst occurs first from the macropores (> 100 nm) of the catalyst which contain a substantial portion of the sulfur load and then from the micropores (< 100 nm). This study also indicated that the sulfur recovery process is both rapid and effective at 327°C.     

粉煤灰与凹土复合生物滤料的制备及挂膜应用研究

曝气生物滤池(BAF)是90年代初兴起的一种主要以生活污水处理为主的工艺,滤料的研究和开发是BAF工艺的关键.利用粉煤灰和凹土制备了复合生物滤料,对复合滤料进行了X射线能谱仪分析、SEM分析及孔径分布分析,并对复合滤料进行了挂膜试验,COD和NH3-N去除分别达到82%和83%,所制备的复合生物滤料性能良好.     

Electroreduction of dioxygen (ORR) in alkaline medium on Ag/C and Pt/C nanostructured catalysts—effect of the presence of methanol

Ag/C catalysts with different loading were prepared using a colloidal route to obtain well dispersed catalysts on carbon, with a particle size close to 15 nm. An amount of 20 wt.% Ag on carbon was found to be the best loading in terms of current density and mass activity. The 20 wt.% Ag/C catalyst was then studied and the kinetics towards ORR was determined and compared with that of a 20 wt.% Pt/C catalyst. The number of exchanged electrons for the ORR was found to be close to four with the rotating disk electrode (RDE) as well as with the rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) techniques. From the RDE results, the Tafel slopes b, the diffusion limiting current density inside the catalytic film (j_l^film) and the exchange current density (j₀) were evaluated. The Tafel slopes b and diffusion limiting current densities inside the catalytic film (j_l^film) were found to be in the same order for both catalysts, whereas the exchange current density (j₀), which is a suitable estimation of the activity of the catalyst, was at least 10 times higher at the Pt/C catalyst than at the Ag/C catalyst. The behavior of both catalysts in methanol containing electrolyte was investigated and it was found that at a low methanol concentration, the Pt/C catalyst was quasi-tolerant to methanol. But, at a high methanol concentration, the ORR at a Pt/C was affected. However, the Pt/C catalyst showed in each case better activity towards ORR than the Ag/C catalyst, even if the latter one was less affected by the presence of methanol than the former one.     

超临界氨合成

Ammonia synthesis at supercritical conditions was first studied over iron and active carbonsupported ruthenium catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor. The influences of 15 kinds of different supercritical media, such as alkanes of C7-C13, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene, cis-decalin, o-xylene,ethylbenzene, quinolin, n-hexane and aniline etc. and reaction conditions (catalyst, temperature, space velocity, particial pressure of media) on ammonia at supercritical condition were investigated.Supercritical medium was decomposed under reaction conditions over Fe and Ru/AC catalysts. The decomposition products deactivated the catalysts. Alkane decomposed the least, and the rate of deactivation was the slowest. Therefore alklane was a relatively good medium. The decomposion of supercritical medium was the key for the deactivation of catalysts. Another important reason for the decrease of ammonia concentration was that the effective pressure of syngas decreased because of the presence of supercritical media. The active temperature of catalyst was the decisive factor in supercritical ammonia synthesis. Supercritical catalytic reaction was viable only at a lower temperature. Ammonia ynthesis at supercritical conditions is possible if a catalyst with active temperature lower than 573 K could e developed and the decomposition of supercritical media could be prevented.     

基于数值模拟的马蹄焰玻璃窑蓄热室热效率研究

蓄热室是马蹄焰玻璃窑余热回收、能源循环再利用的重要设备,它对于降低玻璃窑炉整体能耗有着重要的作用。热效率低的蓄热室不但会造成大量的能源浪费,还可能会减少玻璃窑炉的使用寿命,提高蓄热室的热效率已经成为了玻璃产业亟待解决的问题。为了研究蓄热室参数对热效率的影响规律,首先运用计算流体力学理论和多孔介质模型建立了蓄热室的数值仿真模型,然后结合热平衡分析和气体热力学性质变化规律,建立蓄热室热效率模型,最后运用Fluent对不同参数下蓄热室内部温度场与速度场进行仿真,同时从温度场中采集热效率计算数据并分析各参数对蓄热室热效率的影响规律。结果表明：在保证燃料燃烧充分的前提下,减小助燃空气进口速度、格子体孔隙率、格子砖当量直径有利于增大空气与格子体的传热量,提高蓄热室的热效率,而烟道口进口面积在0.9～1 m²时蓄热室的热效率较高。     

采用两种中间介质的工业园区厂际余热集成

发挥园区集群效应，借助中间介质回路将工业园区中各单厂内的余热于厂际间进一步回收利用，能够显著提高园区整体能源效率。其中，中间介质回路的设置与介质的选择将关系到整个余热回收系统的最优设计与节能效果。因此，不同于目前研究仅采用一种中间介质的集成策略，同时选用热水和导热油为介质开展厂际余热集成研究。提出耦合介质与厂内流股换热及介质流股在厂际间分配的换热器网络超结构，以年度总费用最小为目标建立MINLP热集成数学模型，优化获得包含介质回路结构与厂内换热器网络结构等内容的园区余热集成结果。最后，在一个包含3个厂的厂际余热集成案例中，分别研究了单种介质单回路、单种介质双回路及双种介质双回路3种情况，通过对比验证了所提方法的有效性。