MICP在建筑材料中的应用研究

利用微生物在新陈代谢过程中发生的矿化作用,进行诱导形成碳酸钙,称之为微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）,其生成的碳酸钙沉淀是一种有机-无机合成物,具有优异的粘结性和固结性能。在总结国内外相关资料的基础上,介绍了MICP的形成条件与反应过程,分析了MICP技术在石灰石、石膏、水泥混凝土等建筑材料中的研究和应用情况,并指出MICP在水泥混凝土中应用需选择适当的微生物种类,调整微生物的培育环境和生长空间,并研究新型微生物生长保护措施。     

A national cross-sectional study in the Danish wood and furniture industry on working postures and manual materials handling

Musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major problem in the wood and furniture industry and identification of risk factors is needed urgently. Therefore, exposures to different work tasks and variation in the job were recorded based on an observation survey in combination with an interview among 281 employees working in wood working and painting departments. A questionnaire survey confirmed high frequencies of symptoms from the musculoskeletal system: The one-year prevalence of symptoms from the low back was 42% and symptoms from the neck/shoulder was 40%. The exposure was evaluated based on: (1) classification of work tasks, (2) work cycle time, (3) manual materials handling, (4) working postures, and (5) variation in die job. Among the employees 47% performed feeding or clearing of machines, 35% performed wood working or painting materials, and 18% performed various other operations. Among the employees 20% had no variation in their job while 44% had little variation. Manual materials handling of 375 different burdens was observed, which most often occurred during feeding or clearing of machines. The weight of burdens lifted was 0·5-87·0 kg, where 2% had a weight of more than 50 kg. Among the lifting conditions 30% were evaluated as implying a risk of injury. An additional risk factor was the high total tonnage lifted per day, which was estimated to range from 132 kg to 58 800 kg. Working postures implied a risk of injury due to prolonged forward and lateral flexions of the neck, which was seen most frequently during wood working or painting materials. These data substantiate the finding that work tasks mainly during feeding or clearing of machines imply a risk of injury to the low back and a risk of injury to the neck and shoulder area mainly during wood working or painting materials. Optimal strategies for job redesign may be worked out by using these data in order to prevent occupational musculoskeletal disorders.     

Hand-hold location and trunk kinematics during box handling

Trunk kinematics variables have been shown to be related to low back injury risk during lifting tasks and it was hypothesised that changes in hand-hold positions could influence trunk kinematics and thereby risk. Fourteen subjects lifted a 5 or 10 kg box using four different hand placement locations (two symmetric and two asymmetric) while their trunk kinematics (position, velocity and acceleration in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes) were captured using the lumbar motion monitor (LMM). These kinematics data were then used to calculate the probability of high risk group membership (PHRGM) as defined in the LMM risk assessment model. The results showed significant effects of hand placement on trunk kinematics, resulting in significant changes in the PHRGM variable ranging from a low of 20% in a the symmetric low load condition to a high of 38% under the asymmetric, 10 kg condition.

Statement of Relevance: Manual materials handlers use a variety of hand-hold positions on boxes during lifting. Where a lifter grabs the box can influence the trunk kinematics during the lifting task and these kinematics have been shown to provide some insight into risk of low back injury. This study documents the trunk postures and kinematics as a function of hand-hold position.     

A review of “ The Co-ordination and Regulation of Movements” By N. Bernstein. (Pergamon Press, 1967.) [ Pp. xii+ 196.] 505

Abstract

The complaints of workers in a noisy workshop were taken as the basis of recognition and attitude to noise. However, all the complaints based on noise exposure could not be attributed to neurotic responses. The distinctive character of homeostatic changes induced by noise exposure was attributable to the depression of the adreno-cortical function. The possibility was considered that the metabolism of the brain was disturbed by the noise exposure. It was concluded that the complaints of workers exposed to noise must be considered from the view-point that workers have a physical, mental and social existence.     

Sol-gel法制备介孔WO3-TiO2复合材料及其光催化性能

以非离子表面活性剂P123为结构导向剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过调整P123与(W+Ti)的摩尔比例,经500℃煅烧制备出一系列不同介孔特性的WO3-TiO2复合光催化材料。利用X射线衍射图谱(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、比表面积分析仪(BET)对复合材料的形貌、孔结构及光谱性质进行表征。研究了介孔WO3-TiO2复合材料对罗丹明B的吸附/光催化降解能力。结果表明,以P123为模板剂所制备的介孔WO3-TiO2复合材料表现出较好的吸附/光催化性能,可见光照射下,0.5g的P123、(W+Ti)摩尔比为0.6%的复合材料经500℃煅烧,对200mL罗丹明B(10mmol/L)的吸附降解率140min后达到97.7%。     

Local porosity distribution of cement paste characterized by X-ray micro-tomography

Porosity is one of the most important parameters for cement-based materials,which influences the mechanical property,transport property,and durability.The spatial and frequency distributions of local porosity of cement pastes are characterized using X-ray micro-tomography data and treating methods.The 3D spatial distributions for three cement paste specimens with different water cement(w/c)ratios show reasonable heterogeneity.The probability analysis also reveals this heterogeneity:the representative volume element(RVE)size based on porosity maps decreases with w/c ratio firstly,then increases with w/c ratio;and the heterogeneity on the characterized probe size or on the RVE size increases with w/c ratio.Average porosities obtained using the CT method are further compared with those by traditional methods.     

A study of some Egyptian carbonate rocks for the building construction industry

A number of geotechnical analyses were carried out on selected carbonate rock samples from eight sites located in Egypt. This analysis was to assess the suitability of these rocks for building construction aggregate. The analyses included properties of uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, porosity, water absorption, and dynamic fragmentation. The success of building construction depends to a large extent on the availability of raw materials at affordable prices. Raw materials commonly used in the building industry include sands, gravels, clays and clay-derived products. Despite the widespread occurrence of carbonate rocks throughout Egypt, the low premium placed on their direct application in the building sector may be explained in two ways: firstly, the lack of awareness of the potential uses of carbonate rocks in the building construction industry (beyond the production of asbestos, ceiling boards, roof sheets and Portland cement); and secondly, the aesthetic application of carbonate rocks in the building construction depends mainly on their physical attributes, a knowledge of which is generally restricted to within the confines of research laboratories and industries. Thus this paper addresses the physical and mechanical characteristics of some Egyptian carbonate rocks, evaluating them for their suitability as building construction aggregates.     

提高热电材料优值的方法研究(英文)

热电材料是一种将热能与电能进行互相转换的功能材料,其转换效率取决于材料的热电优值Z.详细讨论了当前提高热电材料优值的几种途径:向晶格掺入杂质元素改变晶格结构;发展纳米技术制备纳米薄膜、纳米线材或纳米颗粒;制备方钴矿型化合物、功能梯度材料、准晶材料和Half-Heusler合金等新型热电材料.     

新型基因枪微弹材料可行性初步研究-Ⅰ

基因枪在未来临床基因转导中很有前途,但目前所用微弹材料金、钨都属于重金属,其长期存在于人体的安全性尚无法估计。提出用羟基磷灰石(HAP)微粒来代替金或钨微粒,从理论上推导了这种取代的可行性,并报告了一种HAP微粒的制备及其负载DNA的研究结果。理论推导完全按照物理学方法进行。实验部分的方法:将稳定剂H以一定速度和比例滴入一定浓度的Ca(H2PO4)2溶液中,再按照一定的速度和比例滴入Ca(OH)2饱和溶液,期间或完成后超声处理一定时间,将所得HAP微粒溶液与亚精胺和DNA以一定比例和浓度在一定pH条件下混合。结论:所得HAP粒径值符合要求,并且能够高效负载DNA。