Glass-fibre-reinforced composites with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties - Benefits and limitations of a nanoparticle modified matrix

Nanoparticles and especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide a high potential for the modification of polymers. They are very effective fillers regarding mechanical properties, especially toughness. Furthermore, they allow the implication of functional properties, which are connected to their electrical conductivity, into polymeric matrices. In the present paper, different nanoparticles, as fumed silica and carbon black, were used to optimise the epoxy matrix system of a glass-fibre-reinforced composite. Their nanometre-size enables their application as particle-reinforcement in FRPs produced by the resin-transfer-moulding method (RTM), without being filtered by the glass-fibre bundles. Additionally, an electrical field was applied during curing, in order to enhance orientation of the nanofillers in z-direction. The interlaminar shear strengths of the nanoparticle modified composites were significantly improved (+16%) by adding only 0.3 wt.% of CNTs. The interlaminar toughness G_Ic and G_IIc was not affected in a comparable manner. The laminates containing carbon nanotubes exhibited a relatively high electrical conductivity at very low filler contents, which allows the implication of functional properties, such as stress-strain monitoring and damage detection.     

Stress formation in evaporated amorphous Ge-Se and Ge-Se-Ga(Tl, B) thin films

Thin amorphous chalcogenide films from the GeSe_x (x = 1-5), (GeSe₄)_100−yGa_y and (GeSe₅)_100−y Ga(Tl, B)_y (y = 5, 10, 15, 20) systems have been prepared by thermal evaporation and characterized with respect to their internal stress using a cantilever technique. The correlations between the stress, the composition and the structure of the films were investigated. The obtained results were related with some structural and mechanical parameters of the glasses like mean coordination number, number of constrains per atom, density, compactness, microhardness and Young's modulus. For all investigated chalcogenide films a stress relaxation with the time was observed as a result of spontaneous structural rearrangements.     

Thermoelectric properties of Bi and Cu co-doped Ca3Co2O6single crystals

Single crystals of Bi and Cu-doped Ca₃Co₂O₆were synthesized in a molten K₂CO₃flux. Using an obtained single crystal of (Ca_0.985(5)Bi_0.015(5))₃(Co_0.990(3)Cu_0.010(3))₂O₆elongated to the c-axis direction of the crystal structure, the electric resistivity (ρ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) were measured from room temperature to over 1000 K in air. The single crystal showed p-type semiconducting behavior with ρ values of 1.8 Ω cm at 303 K and 0.017 Ω cm at 1000 K. The S values were +254 μ VK^{− 1} at 325 K, +360 μ VK^{− 1} at 420 K, and +214 μ VK^{− 1} at 1000 K. The power factor (S ² ρ ^{− 1}) increased with an increase of temperature and attained 2.70 × 10^{− 4} Wm^{− 1}K^{− 2} at 1000 K.     

氧化铝颗粒增强铜基复合材料线切割加工研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备了Al2O3/CU复合材料.研究了电参数对复合材料线切割加工速度和表面粗糙度的影响;用扫描电镜分析了复合材料线切割加工表面的SEM形貌.结果表明:选用较大的峰值电流和较短的脉冲宽度,可对复合材料进行较理想的电火花线切割加工;复合材料加工表面是由相互重叠的放电凹坑和凸缘组成,表面粘附有基体金属的球形熔滴和Al2O3颗粒.     

土工合成材料在软土路基工程中的应用

软土具有含水量高、孔隙比大、渗透性小、压缩性高、抗剪强度低、触变性显著等不利的工程性质。在软土地区修筑高等级公路，一直是公路建设的一个重大技术难题。简述了土工合成材料的种类、作用及其在软土路基工程中的应用机理，并结合实例分析土工织物的应用效果。     

土的渗透性预测方法与工程应用

基于长江河口地区沉积物的特点,分析了该区域天然沉积土的渗透性能,得出渗透系数显著偏低的结论。采用孔隙特征预测土的渗透系数的方法,成功预测了长江口北岸天然沉积土的渗透系数,预测得到的渗透系数高出室内渗透试验结果一个数量级以上。这一结果应用于通启高速公路建设,取得了良好的经济和社会效益,具有很高的参考价值。     

美国混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法评析

指出混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀破坏的本质与其暴露条件如持续浸泡、干湿交替、溶液pH值、质量分数和温度相关．在阐明混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀反应类型和侵蚀机理的基础上，分析实验室5种硫酸盐试验加速途径，评述美国现行5种硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法，指出现行硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法，在测试时间、侵蚀破坏指标、多因素分析和模拟现场侵蚀破坏的有效性方面需要改进．     

Fabrication and properties of ZAO powder, sputtering target materials and the related films

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide （ZnO：Al）, abbreviated as ZAO, is a novel and widely used transparent conductive material. The ZAO powder was synthesized by chemical coprecipitation. The ZAO ceramic sputtering target materials were fabricated by sintering in air, and ZAO transparent conductive films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. XRD proved that such films had an orientation of （002） crystal panel paralleled to the surface of the glass substrate. The average transmittance of the films in the visible region exceeded 80%.     

等离子喷涂W-Cu电子封装材料的组织与性能

采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了W-Cu电子封装材料，并对该电子封装材料的微观组织和热物理性能进行了研究．结果表明，在内部送粉条件下，复合材料中钨的收得率要高于外部送粉条件下复合材料中钨的收得率；在内部送粉条件下，功率对铜氧化的影响并不明显；而在外部送粉条件下，随着功率的提高，铜的氧化明显增多；由于氧化物和孔隙等的存在，利用大气等离子喷涂工艺制备的复合材料的导热率远远低于根据混合法则计算的理论值．这为后续实验研究提供了重要的参考依据．