ADSORPTION MECHANISMS OF HS-IONS ON SULPHIDE MINERAL SURFACES RELATED TO Na_2S-INDUCED FLOTATION

The adsorption mechanisms of HS~- ions existing in air-saturated alkaline solutions on sulphide minerals (including pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and galena) were investigated. The measurement of adsorption density, solvent extraction-chemical analysis of neutral sulphur at the surfaces, measurements of pulp potential and voltammogram, and flotation tests were done. Both the electrochemical and non-electrochemi cal adsorption models of HS~- ions were established. The former was observed and resulted in the formation of neutral sulphur (S°)when the pyrite and arsenopyrite were chosen, and hence renders the surfaces hy drophobic and induced the two minerals flotation. It is called Na_2S-induced flotation. On the other hand, the latter took place and did not produce S° when the chalcopyrite and galena were selected, and hence de presses the collectorless flotation of the two minerals. The adsorptions of HS~- ions were mainly influenced by potentials, pH and the electron structures of the mineral surfaces.     

Mössbauer studies of iron-bearing minerals in coal and coal ash

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to characterize the iron-bearing minerals present in some British Columbia coals. The minerals observed in a range of samples include pyrite/marcasite, siderite, jarosite, rozenite or melanterite, and Fe²⁺ -bearing clay minerals such as illite. The presence of jarosite is confirmed through the magnetic hyperfine interaction observed at 4.2 K. The absence of magnetic ordering at 4.2 K for the ferrous sulphate component indicates the presence of rozenite, FeS0₄ · 4H₂0, or melanterite, FeS0₄ · 7H₂0, rather than szomolnokite, FeS0₄ · H₂0 or FeS0₄. The effects of ashing on two of the coals is also studied.     

Quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis of clay minerals in Australian coals using Rietveld methods

The mineralogy of clay-rich mineral matter isolated from a range of Australian bituminous coals has been evaluated in quantitative terms from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns using a Rietveld-based data processing technique. The chemical composition of coal ash derived from this mineral matter has been calculated and compared to the directly determined composition of the ash prepared from the same coal samples. Although there are some minor differences due in part to uncertainty regarding the actual composition of several minerals, the compositions indicated by the two methods show a relatively high correlation, suggesting that the Rietveld technique provides mineralogical analyses that are consistent with independently determined chemical data. Comparison of the normalised clay mineral percentages from the Rietveld analysis to quantitative interpretations based on a peak intensities in glycolated and heat-treated oriented aggregates of the respective clay fractions also shows a high correlation, confirming mutual consistency of the two different mineralogical analysis methods. Such quantitative mineralogical data are significant to a range of coal exploration, mining and utilization activities, including seam correlation, material handling and ash and slag formation in combustion processes.     

Predicting cation ordering in MgAl2O4 using genetic algorithms and density functional theory

Genetic algorithms (GAs) together with classical pair potentials and density functional theory (DFT) are used to investigate cation order in MgAl₂O₄ (Spinel). To efficiently locate the global minimum/minima on the system potential energy surface, corresponding to the ordered and fully equilibrated low-temperature phase, local structural optimizations are essential. Such energy minimizations are expensive at the DFT level, but a comparison of the distribution of the energy minima from DFT and popular classical pair potentials allows one to rapidly tune the GA parameters. We show that GAs are able to find, not only the global minimum on the potential energy, but also other low-energy cation configurations representing possible frozen-in disordered or metastable phases after quenching. The nature of these low-energy configurations can help to interpret the extent of kinetic trapping which hampers the comparison between different experimental studies.     

燃烧炉内煤中矿物质行为研究

采用马弗炉和四角燃烧炉对煤中矿物质在加热过程中组分和含量变化利用Ｘ－射线衍射进行分析。结果表明,在燃烧炉内煤灰矿物质行为与在马弗炉内加热煤灰的矿物质行为基本一致;煤灰矿物质行为与原煤中矿物组成及含量关系较大。     

低电阻率油层的成因类型与测井响应

低电阻率油层根据其成因影响因素可划分5种类型：岩石骨架导电型、高束缚水饱和度型、高矿化度地层水型、双孔隙度结构与裂缝并存型、咸水泥浆侵入型。导致油层电阻率降低的主要内在因素包括：储层岩石骨架中含有导电物质如含黄铁矿等金属矿物时,是导致低电阻油层形成原因之一;岩石中黏土矿物阳离子交换性与平衡阳离子的附加导电作用可以造成油层电阻率的明显降低,形成低电阻率油层;岩性细、泥质含量高、储层孔隙结构复杂化,孔隙吼道变小,微孔隙增多为束缚水提供了储存空间,形成高束缚水饱和度储层,导电能力增强,使油层电阻率变低。咸水泥浆侵入是油层电阻率变低的外在因素。     

基于矿物晶体结构的铝土矿细菌浸矿机制研究

采用环状芽孢杆菌CGMCC12对5种含不同结构硅酸盐矿物的铝土矿样进行了生物脱硅研究.选用铝土矿中常见的橄榄石、高岭石、钾长石及河南铝土矿作为细菌溶蚀作用对象,采用电镜及XRD衍射技术,研究细菌对它们的分解作用差异.结果表明:浸矿12d,细菌对橄榄石、高岭石及石英型铝土矿脱硅作用显著,铝硅比(A/S)分别从7.12,6.11,2.89提高到16.15,11.61,13.56,而对钾长石型铝土矿及河南铝土矿脱硅效果较差,A/S分别从3.69和4.90仅提高到4.64和7.30;细菌对试验用硅酸盐矿物的溶蚀破坏作用由易至难依次为橄榄石、高岭石、钾长石;在细菌作用下,橄榄石向水镁石与石英转化,钾长石向伊利石转化,高岭石向水铝石与石英转化;多种矿物同时存在的情况下,细菌对不同晶体结构的硅酸盐矿物的分解有一定的选择性,对较易分解的矿物破坏作用较快,细菌会优先选择分解含Fe,Ca等生命元素的赤铁矿与方解石等矿物.     

硅橡胶的改性研究

综述了近年来硅橡胶的改性研究,主要阐述了硅橡胶和其他橡胶共混改性,纳米SiOx改性室温硫化硅橡胶和矿物微粉增强硅橡胶性能。     

沸石矿为模板制备多孔炭的研究

以几种沸石矿为模板、蔗糖为碳源，通过模板法制备了多孔炭，并用77K氮气吸附和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行了表征。结果表明：此方法可以制备出具有一定比表面积和较大中孔容积的多孔炭．其中孔率随着模板中孔容积的增大而增加，但在所制多孔炭中存有少量的杂质。     

Ni与Cu及Co同时分光光度测定

将多元线性回归分析，用于多组分有色金属离子ＥＤＴＡ络合物的同时光度测定，讨论了方法原理、实验条件，建立了回归方程和线性方程组．对１０个自配样和矿样进行了测定，获得满意结果