Dimensionality Reduction for Fast Similarity Search in Large Time Series Databases

The problem of similarity search in large time series databases has attracted much attention recently. It is a non-trivial problem because of the inherent high dimensionality of the data. The most promising solutions involve first performing dimensionality reduction on the data, and then indexing the reduced data with a spatial access method. Three major dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed: Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and more recently the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). In this work we introduce a new dimensionality reduction technique which we call Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA). We theoretically and empirically compare it to the other techniques and demonstrate its superiority. In addition to being competitive with or faster than the other methods, our approach has numerous other advantages. It is simple to understand and to implement, it allows more flexible distance measures, including weighted Euclidean queries, and the index can be built in linear time. Received 16 May 2000 / Revised 18 December 2000 / Accepted in revised form 2 January 2001     

数据发掘在服装设计中的应用

本文根据一服装企业的实际数据采用数据发掘手段提取出一系列规则,用以描述颜色搭配与款式受欢迎间的规律。挖掘过程中主要采用了按模型聚类的方法,这一方法获得的聚类结果简单直观。对聚类结果采用约简等简单处理后可获得一组实用的颜色搭配规则。类似的数据发掘手段在服装设计各方面有广泛的应用前景。     

WWW上路径模式发掘的研究

本文从互连网发展的趋势入手,对路径模式发掘进行了研究。先简要介绍数据库发掘的概况及网上数据发掘的特点,后结合关联法和组合概率法,并以算法和实例详细对之进行分析。     

Clustering categorical data: an approach based on dynamical systems

We describe a novel approach for clustering collections of sets, and its application to the analysis and mining of categorical data. By “categorical data,” we mean tables with fields that cannot be naturally ordered by a metric – e.g., the names of producers of automobiles, or the names of products offered by a manufacturer. Our approach is based on an iterative method for assigning and propagating weights on the categorical values in a table; this facilitates a type of similarity measure arising from the co-occurrence of values in the dataset. Our techniques can be studied analytically in terms of certain types of non-linear dynamical systems. Received February 15, 1999 / Accepted August 15, 1999     

Quantifiable data mining using ratio rules

Association Rule Mining algorithms operate on a data matrix (e.g., customers products) to derive association rules [AIS93b, SA96]. We propose a new paradigm, namely, Ratio Rules, which are quantifiable in that we can measure the “goodness” of a set of discovered rules. We also propose the “guessing error” as a measure of the “goodness”, that is, the root-mean-square error of the reconstructed values of the cells of the given matrix, when we pretend that they are unknown. Another contribution is a novel method to guess missing/hidden values from the Ratio Rules that our method derives. For example, if somebody bought $10 of milk and $3 of bread, our rules can “guess” the amount spent on butter. Thus, unlike association rules, Ratio Rules can perform a variety of important tasks such as forecasting, answering “what-if” scenarios, detecting outliers, and visualizing the data. Moreover, we show that we can compute Ratio Rules in a single pass over the data set with small memory requirements (a few small matrices), in contrast to association rule mining methods which require multiple passes and/or large memory. Experiments on several real data sets (e.g., basketball and baseball statistics, biological data) demonstrate that the proposed method: (a) leads to rules that make sense; (b) can find large itemsets in binary matrices, even in the presence of noise; and (c) consistently achieves a “guessing error” of up to 5 times less than using straightforward column averages. Received: March 15, 1999 / Accepted: November 1, 1999     

我国露天矿应用半连续开采工艺的现状与前景

介绍了半连续开采工艺在我国露天矿山的应用现状和特点,分析了采用该工艺的必要性,展望了半连续开采工艺的发展趋势,为加速发展我国露天矿山半连续开采工艺而提出几项建议。     

多场耦合作用下高混凝土坝水力劈裂研究综述

阐述了混凝土结构水力劈裂的研究现状,结合多场耦合作用下高混凝土坝水力劈裂研究中存在的问题,从水工混凝土结构水力劈裂理论、试验技术、数值模拟和不同耦合条件下裂缝扩展研究等方面归纳了国内外的研究成果,提出了多场耦合作用下高混凝土坝水力劈裂试验仪器设备研制、试验测试技术、多场耦合作用下裂缝扩展机理及耦合机理、考虑结构裂缝任意性的数值模拟技术等尚待进一步研究的问题。     

Mechanism and control of water seepage of vertical feeding borehole for solid materials in backfilling coal mining

To solve the problem of water seepage of vertical feeding borehole for solid materials, we established the fluid-solid coupling dynamic model of groundwater flowing in rock mass adjacent to the vertical feeding borehole. Combining with the engineering geological conditions, we built a numeral model to study the influence rule of the aquifer hydraulic pressure and seepage location of feeding borehole on the amount of seepage with finite element numerical method. The results show that the nonlinear relationship is presented among the amount of seepage, the seepage location and aquifer hydraulic pressure. The higher the aquifer hydraulic pressure is, the closer the distance between seepage location and aquifer is, and the faster the harmful levels of aquifer will grow. In practice, we calculated the allowable seepage of feeding borehole by the optimum moisture content and natural moisture content of backfilling materials, and then determined the protection zone of feeding borehole, so the moisture content of backfilling materials can be controlled within the scope of optimum moisture content.     

钢筋混凝土梁修补技术对其钢筋锈蚀性能的影响

采用了6种修补材料及其配套方法对已经受弯损伤的钢筋混凝土梁进行了修补,基于线性极化法评价了修补后构件在5%硫酸镁溶液中钢筋的锈蚀情况。结果表明:不同的修补材料及其配套方法,对修补后构件的钢筋锈蚀性能影响显著。其中,采用水泥基修补砂浆结合锌丝的牺牲阳极保护方法提高构件的抗锈蚀效果最为明显。而且极化电阻和锈蚀电流密度之间存在明显的指数关系,得到了极化电阻和锈蚀电流密度之间的关系式。     

淮南煤矿采煤沉陷区蓄洪除涝初探

目前我国对于煤矿采煤沉陷区的治理途径仅限于土地的复垦、深挖浅垫、开发湿地等手段,而利用沉陷区做蓄水区,发挥其蓄洪除涝作用的研究案例目前国内比较少见。本文针对淮南矿区的3个主要沉陷区进行了初步分析,摸清了沉陷区的动态变化规律,并预测出未来这些沉陷区的可蓄容积能够极大地缓解当地乃至淮河流域洪涝灾害的压力,同时可以充分利用雨洪资源提高供水保证率,对该地区的防洪除涝及水资源配置具有重大意义。