液体温度对空泡生长和溃灭过程的影响

采用光偏转测试系统研究了不同温度纯净水中激光空泡脉动过程,通过实验获得了激光空泡在靶表面膨胀和收缩全过程,确定了空泡的最大、最小泡半径、脉动周期和泡壁运动速度。实验采用0℃到70℃的纯净水,测量了空泡的泡半径和脉动周期等特征参量变化情况。实验结果表明,液体温度是影响空泡脉动的一个非常重要的因素,随着液体温度的增加空泡的最大泡半径和溃灭周期均呈增加趋势。给出了相应的理论解释。     

舰船尾流散射特性的研究

利用Mie理论计算了单个气泡和舰船尾流横截面内气泡群的体散射函数.计算结果表明尾流中心的后向散射高于尾流边缘的.舰船尾流横截面内气泡群的散射与气泡大小,气泡尺寸分布和尾流深度有关系;在散射角180°附近后向散射增强显著;在散射角60°～80°之间,气泡群的散射相对于相邻角度有所增强.     

A COUPLING MODEL OF WATER FLOWS AND GAS FLOWS IN EXHAUSTED GAS BUBBLE ON MISSILE LAUNCHED UNDERWATER

The gas and water flows during an underwater missile launch are numerically studied. For the gas flow, the explicit difference scheme of Non-oscillation and Non-free-parameter Dissipation (NND) is utilized to solve the Euler equations for compressible fluids in the body-fitted coordinates. For the water flow, the Hess-Smith method is employed to solve the Laplace equation for the velocity potential of irrotational water flows based on the potential theory and the boundary element method. The hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation for the free boundary conditions is used to compute the changes of the free surface of the exhausted gas bubble in time stepping. On the free surface of the exhausted gas bubble, the matched conditions of both the normal velocities and pressures are satisfied. From the numerical simulation, it is found that the exhausted gas bubble grows more rapidly in the axial direction than in the radial direction and the bubble will shrink at its "neck" finally. Numerical results of the movement of the shock wave and the distribution of the Mach number and the gas pressure within the bubble were presented, which reveals that at some time, the gas flow in the Laval nozzle is subsonic and the gas pressure in the nozzle is very high. Influences of various initial missile velocities and chamber total pressures and water depths on both the time interval when the gas flow in the nozzle is subsonic and the peak of the gas pressure at the nozzle end were discussed. It was suggested that a reasonable adjustment of the chamber total pressure can improve the performance of the engine during the underwater launch of missiles.     

Acute exposure to gas‐supersaturated water does not affect reproductive success of female adult chinook salmon late in maturation

At times, total dissolved gas concentrations in the Columbia and Snake rivers have been elevated due to involuntary spill from high spring runoff and voluntary spill used as a method to pass juvenile salmonids over dams. The goal of this project was to determine if acute exposure to total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) affects the reproductive performance of female chinook salmon late in their maturation. During this study, adult female spring chinook salmon were exposed to mean TDGS levels of 114.1% to 125.5%. We ended exposures at first mortality, or at the appearance of impending death. Based on this criterion, exposures lasted from 10 to 68 h and were inversely related to TDGS. There was no effect of TDGS on pre‐spawning mortality or fecundity when comparing treatment fish to experimental controls or the general hatchery population four to six weeks after exposures. Egg quality, based on egg weight and egg diameter, did not differ between treatment and control fish. Fertilization rate and survival to eyed‐stage was high ( > 94%) for all groups. With the exception of Renibacterium salmoninarum (the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease; BKD), no viral or bacterial fish pathogens were isolated from experimental fish. The prevalence (about 45%) and severity of R. salmoninarum did not differ among the groups or the general hatchery population. We conclude that these acute exposures to moderate levels of gas‐supersaturated water—perhaps similar to that experienced by immigrating adult salmon as they approach and pass a hydropower dam on the Columbia River—did not affect reproductive success of female chinook salmon late in their maturation. These results are most applicable to summer and fall chinook salmon, which migrate in the summer/fall and spawn shortly after reaching their natal streams. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

紊动剪切流中气核振荡对空化的作用

为了解压力脉动对泡动力学和空化现象的作用，可将压力脉动的不同随机量与气核在流场中的动态响应联系一起进行分析。结果认为：在水流强烈的紊动下，由于压力脉动的影响，气核交替地膨胀和收缩，脉动负峰值可使瞬时压力降低。气核发育时间明显缩短，促使空化提前发生。     

楔形流道内单气泡动力学行为特性研究

楔形流道是一个具有复杂物理边界的流场,对其内部气液两相流动特性的研究具有现实意义.该文首先对孔板流量计内掺混气泡的两相流体建立了数学模型,采用贴体坐标系同位网格下的SIMPLE算法解决了速度与压力的耦合问题,改进了贴体坐标下Level Set方法,并利用其对楔形孔板流量计内单气泡两相流场进行了模拟.针对不同Re数和不同We数时其内部流场的模拟结果进行了分析,得出流场内气泡形态及其流动特性的变化规律.     

近场水下爆炸作用下箱形梁整体损伤特性研究

当水下近距爆炸载荷对舰船产生耦合激励作用时,舰船的总体损伤特点是一个值得深入研究的问题。以水面箱形梁模型为研究对象,建立了梁模型在水下近距爆炸载荷作用下动态响应的有限元仿真方法,最后利用数值仿真和具体试验相结合的方法,对自由梁在水下特定爆炸工况下的整体损伤特性进行了研究。结果发现：数值计算结果和试验结果具有较好的一致性;在爆炸气泡脉动频率与梁模型一阶湿频率相近的条件下,随着爆径比的增大,梁的整体响应状态由整体中垂塑性弯曲转变为鞭状运动。     

气泡从浸没孔中生成与上升的数值模拟

应用改进的Level Set方法和Navier-Stokes方程,结合ALE数值算法,三维模拟了常流量下气泡在静止黏性液体中从浸没孔中生成与上升的过程。考察了气泡在两种不同的黏性液体以及在单孔和多孔条件下的生长过程。模拟结果与实验观测定性相符。数值试验表明,改进的Level Set方法改善了气泡的容积守恒性。模拟结果显示,在不同的黏性液体中单孔气泡的生成行为很不相同,在Paratherm传热流体中生成的气泡直线上升,而在水中则是盘旋上升;多孔气泡的生成不同步,气泡的尺寸及空间分布极其不均匀。     

云南不同产地漾濞泡核桃品质综合评价分析

为了探究云南不同产地漾濞泡核桃品质差异,选择8个不同主产区漾濞泡核桃进行核桃青皮、仁、分心木中主要成分分析与评价。采用索氏抽提仪、凯氏定氮仪、气质联用仪及氨基酸分析仪等对核桃样进行分析。结果表明:云南8个不同主产地漾濞泡核桃综合品质较好,适宜加工高端油脂及蛋白产品,其副产物可进行功能因子的提取开发利用。揭示了云南不同主产区漾濞泡核桃主要营养及功能成分含量和种类差异,为云南核桃良种选育、精深加工等提供理论依据。     

低排放燃烧室空气雾化喷嘴射流破碎特性研究

针对当前广泛应用于低排放燃气轮机燃烧室中的空气雾化喷嘴,采用大涡模拟（Large Eddy Simulation,LES）和流体体积法（Volume of Fluid,VOF）研究了其在流动模糊（Flow Blurring,FB）和流动聚焦（Flow Focusing,FF）模式下射流一次破碎过程的差异。结果表明：两种模式的射流一次破碎过程均可分为3个阶段,气液交界面波动阶段、射流发展阶段和射流破碎阶段;喷嘴内部回流区的演变决定了气液交界面的波动程度,流动模糊模式下射流在后两个阶段的径向速度和形态变化程度均远高于流动聚焦模式,气泡回流过程在其射流破碎阶段占据主导地位,液体管道内气泡分布位置与涡的强度呈正相关。