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本文把与井简直接连通的大裂缝及井筒定义为“裂缝—井筒系统”,通过气体状态方程的变换和续流总量的计算,探索出井底大裂缝的容积及其储量的计算方法。     

考虑源荷不确定性的电热系统联合调度

针对风电和电热负荷不确定的问题,提出计及源荷不确定性的旋转备用容量的优化方法,建立考虑电热备用耦合影响的调度模型。在日前阶段,以能源与负荷的预测量制定机组的出力方案,风电由于其预测精度较低,利用Beta概率密度函数来拟合风电出力,从而确定风电的不确定性带来的旋转备用容量,利用机会约束规划来处理不确定问题;负荷有较高的预测精度,但其波动性较强,使用概率场景生成和削减的方法制定不同场景下负荷备用需求的调整量,以日运行成本最低建立目标函数,运用改进的粒子群算法在IEEE30节点系统上验证了所提模型的经济性和鲁棒性。     

计及灵活性储备的含风电多微电网系统分布式协调调控策略

高比例风电的接入和需求响应技术的应用对分布式架构下的多微电网系统有功功率动态平衡提出了更高的要求,有必要充分利用灵活性资源对系统进行协调调控.提出一种新颖的灵活性电池储备模型对多微电网系统灵活性备用容量进行评估,定义虚拟灵活性电池储备模型对风电场备用与需求响应负荷备用进行评估,充分挖掘其调频的潜在能力.在此基础上,基于一致性算法求解该模型下各微电网的功率分配,提出计及灵活性储备的含风电多微电网系统分布式协调调控策略,实现分布式架构下灵活性资源的协调优化.通过华东某地区实际数据验证了所提策略的有效性.算例结果表明,协调优化源-荷灵活性储备资源在保障风电消纳的同时,实现了分布式架构下系统的动态功率平衡.     

考虑最优运行点的超速风电机组调频控制策略

风电机组凭借超速控制预留备用容量,可以同时实现惯性响应和一次调频2个控制目标.传统的控制策略往往对机组的备用容量利用不足,尚未发挥出超速风电机组的最大调频优势.为此,在深入研究超速风电机组频率控制的基础上,分别分析惯性响应和一次调频与稳态运行点的关系,提出了考虑最优运行点的超速风电机组调频控制策略.该控制策略通过调频能量模型求解出不同风速下的最优运行点,充分利用风电机组的备用容量参与频率调整,以实现频率跌落速度、深度和稳态偏差之间的优化协调.在DIgSILENT中搭建系统仿真模型进行验证,结果表明所提控制策略能够改善不同风速下系统动态频率响应特性,同时可保证风电机组自身运行的稳定性.     

Nature,Nurture and PDP: Preposterous Developmental Postulates?

In this article I discuss the nature/nurture debate in terms of evidence and theorizing from the field of cognitive development, and pinpoint various problems where the Connectionist framework needs to be further explored from this perspective. Evidence from normal and abnormal developmental phenotypes points to some domain-specific constraints on early learning. Yet, by invoking the dynamics of epigenesis, I avoid recourse to a strong Nativist stance and remain within the general spirit of Connectionism.     

金属加工微乳液的研制

金属加工微乳液是继普通乳化液之后发展起来的一种新型乳化液,是一种金属加工过程中使用的水基润滑剂.由于它具备独特的性能,近几年来开始受到人们的重视.进行确定最佳配方试验,发现以75SN为基础油,MOA-3、S-80、T-80为主乳化剂,配以适当的助乳化剂、防锈剂、抗磨剂、杀菌剂等制成的金属加工微乳液最具独特的综合性能.它集润滑性、冷却性、防腐蚀性、清净分散性于一身,同时也具备透明度好,适应范围广（铜、钢、铝）长寿命、pH低、无刺激性的优势,因而特别适合于金属精密机械加工行业使用.     

解析三角截柱法储量计算

通过对勘探工程中相邻最近三工程控制的矿块即三角截柱体的空间解析计算，进而对整个矿区进行高精度的储量计算，可以得到比传统方法更高的计算精度，并使储量计算走上微机化的道路。     

CO2/R170混合物作为复叠式制冷系统低温环路制冷剂的性能

针对CO2/R170混合物在复叠式制冷系统低温环路使用的工况，建立了固液平衡和汽液平衡的数学模型，决定了保证混合物在较低温度下不结晶的配比。在一定的配比范围内对混合物进行了循环性能和可燃性分析。研究了混合物配比对循环性能参数和可燃性的影响，以及中间温度在高温环路使用R290、低温环路使用CO2/R170混合物时，复叠式制冷系统整体制冷系数（COP）的变化趋势。研究表明，这种混合物适宜作为复叠式制冷系统低温环路的制冷剂。     

Outlook on fertilizer use efficiency in the tropics

In this paper efficiency of applied fertilizers under tropical conditions is examined. Understanding of the fertilizer efficiency is particularly important for the developing countries mainly because there is need for enhancement of crop yields at a reduced cost. Many of the soil, plant and climatic factors of the tropical regions that contribute to the efficiency of the applied fertilizers have been discussed. Many of the tropical soils are acidic in nature and in these soils efficiency of applied fertilizer is relatively poor, mainly because plant roots are unable to grow and function to their fullest extent in utilizing the soils available nutrients. To enhance yield potentials there is need for understanding of interaction between crop species and soil and climatic variables. Incorporation and adoptation of a suitable application time can greatly enhance efficiency of urea form of nitrogen. Research findings in tropical soils have shown that an initial broadcast application of P and subsequent band treatment is more effective than either method of application alone. Current crop yields in tropical countries are far below the known yield potentials. Such low production potentials are attributed to the lack of suitable crop germplasms and understanding of improved agronomic practices. Intensification of research activities in fertilizer use efficiency in tropical countries is suggested.Senior author formerly was a Research Advisor to EMBRAPA/IICA/World Bank Program in Brazil.     

Performance of a magnesium–lithium alloy as an anode for magnesium batteries

In this work, we describe an evaluation of an Mg–Li alloy (Li: 13 wt %) for possible use in magnesium primary reserve batteries. Higher OCP for the Mg–Li alloy have been observed in 2 M MgCl₂ and MgBr₂ electrolyte. The corrosion rate of the Mg–Li alloy is found to be in the order: MgCl₂ < Mg(COOCH₃)₂ < MgSO₄ < MgBr₂ < Mg(ClO₄)₂. Mg–Li alloys exhibit higher (81%) anodic efficiencies even when the current density is increased to 8.6 mA cm ^–2. It has been observed that Mg–Li/MgCl₂/CuO cells offer higher operating voltage and capacity than those with the conventionally used Mg–Al alloy.