Design of new systems for transfer hydrogenolysis of polychlorinated aromatics with 2-propanol using a Raney nickel catalyst

A multipurpose study deals with the transfer hydrogenolysis of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene to benzene in the 2-propanol–Raney nickel system in the presence of KOH. At 70 °C, no reaction occurs without KOH or with weaker bases, e.g. amines or poorly soluble inorganic bases; however saturated KOH as well as water over 1% suppress the reaction rate, presumably due to the competitive adsorption of these species on the catalyst. The catalytic activity also drops with time because of the deposition of the solid KCl on the catalyst but can be recovered at washing the catalyst with water. The deactivation by KCl can be mitigated with the addition of promoters, e.g. quaternary ammonium salts (Aliquat 336, CTAC) or trioctylamine. Aliquat 336 also promotes hydrodechlorination in the hydrothermal system using a 10% solution of 2-propanol in water, Raney nickel and potassium carbonate as base at 150–200 °C and 10–20 bar. Under these conditions, hexachlorobenzene was also selectively dechlorinated to benzene.     

化学镀Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层的性能

本文对化学镀ＮｉＰＰＴＦＥ复合镀层的性能作了测定和评价。实验表明，用优化的镀液配方和工艺可获得含ＰＴＦＥ粒子２５～３０％ｖｏｌ的ＮｉＰＰＴＦＥ复合镀层。这种镀层具有优良的结合力和良好的耐蚀性，其硬度随ＰＴＦＥ含量增加而降低，其特别突出的性能是优异的减摩性和耐磨性，是一种具有自润滑功能的表面复合材料。     

Hardness evaluation of epoxy resin filled with mineral waste

The care of the world environment poses many challenges to the proper disposal of mineral wastes. Particulate wastes can be used to modify the properties or lower the cost of polymers. The influence of an iron–silica rich waste on the hardness of an epoxy resin is evaluated in this work. It is shown that the hardness values are polymer dominated for volume fractions of waste lower than 0.30, but for higher volume fractions a useful increase in the hardness numbers can be achieved. The coarser the particles are the more heterogeneous is the microstructure of the composite. Nevertheless, particulate rich layers increase the hardness of the material several times. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2178–2184, 2002     

我国的金矿物分类及其主要特征

我国的金矿物约49种(包括变种和未定名矿物).经济矿物主要是自然金和银金矿,少数矿床有金银矿、碲金矿、针碲金银矿、碲金银矿和黑铋金矿等.上述金矿物可分为四大类和十五种类型.文中对各种矿物的主要特点作了简要介绍.     

双能X射线骨密度仪测定技术研究

以Ｌｕｎａｒ公司ＤＰＸ－Ｌ型双能Ｘ射线骨密度仪为例，研究引起测量误差的主要因素并提出质控措施。用自检模块、腰椎体膜评定仪器的体外测量精度好于１％。对１０位志愿者重复２次测量，体内精度对腰椎，ＭＰＤ（平均百分差）为０．４６，ＣＶ（变异系数）为０．７５；对股骨颈，ＭＰＤ为１．２６、ＣＶ为０．４７；Ｗａｒｄ’ｓ三角区ＭＰＤ为２．０１、ＣＶ为１．１４；大转子ＭＰＤ为１．６６、ＣＶ为０．７２。扫描图像由２位     

一种固化河湖底泥重金属的改良方法

重金属在河湖底泥中的积聚已成为我国的一大环境问题,通过及时妥善的技术处理,可以避免重金属对环境的二次污染。基于生石灰降低底泥含水量,锯末灰初步固化,采用水泥和矿粉+水泥2种方式对生石灰-锯末灰固化后的污泥进一步固化的方法,对天津西青区某河流污染底泥开展试验。基于原子吸收分光法对试验样品进行重金属浸出浓度分析,比较水泥和矿粉+水泥固化2种方法的固化效果。研究表明,当生石灰掺入比为9%,养护2 d 时,污泥的含水率明显降低。锯末灰掺入比10% 、水泥掺入比20%、矿粉换掺水泥40%时,底泥中的 Ni²⁺ 、 Hg²⁺ 、 Pb²⁺ 、 Cd²⁺ 4种超标重金属浸出浓度分别降低71.61%、84.85%、58.49%、77.78%,均满足相关技术规范要求。为检验固化土的种植效果,选用牛筋草和牛繁缕2种植物进行室内60 d种植试验,发现2种植物的光合作用、根部发育、生长速度都很正常。结果表明生石灰掺入比9%、锯末灰掺入比10%、水泥掺入比20%、矿粉换掺水泥40%的固化方案得到的固化土可用于绿化种植。     

A new microsecond pulse-heating system to investigate thermophysical properties of solid and liquid metals

A new discharge system for resistive self-heating has been constructed for the measurement of accurate thermophysical properties. A constant-current pulse is used to heat metals over a time interval of 50 to 100 s, reaching temperatures up to the boiling point. New techniques have been developed to obtain sound speeds in the pulse-heated sample, emissivities, and vapor pressure. A new pyrometer allows the extension of the measured temperature range down to the melting point of copper.     

用正电子湮没寿命技术研究塑性变形纯Ni的回复过程

本文用正电子湮没寿命方法研究了塑性变形镍(含0.01％杂质)的回复过程的特点及杂质在缺陷回复过程的作用和影响,计算了形变为10％的试样中的位错密度及形成空位团的有效空位浓度。     

Effects of SO2 and SO3 on the Na2SO4 induced corrosion of nickel

The effects of SO₂ and SO₃ in the environment on the hot corrosion behavior of Ni in the temperature range 750–950°C has been studied. Below the melting point of Na₂SO₄ (884°C), rapid corrosion takes place by formation of a Na₂SO₄-NiSO₄ melt, which can penetrate the porous oxide scale and give rise to sulfide information by coming in contact with the metal. The distribution of the sulfides depends on the SO₂ level in the ambient gas. Continued corrosion occurs by a sulfidation-oxidation mechanism. At temperatures above the melting point of Na₂SO₄, accelerated degradation occurs via dissolution of the surface scale, followed by reprecipitation of the oxide in a nonprotective form.Deceased     

OBSERVATION ON SPUTTERING SURFACE OF ALLOYS IN GLOW DISCHARGE

Glow discharge cathodic sputtering of alloys containing second phase precipitates or injectedoxide particles has been observed with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and scanningelectron microprobe.It was shown that the formation of cones during the sputtering in thesealloys is due to masking of the matrix by glow sputtering second phase precipitates or oxideparticles.At steady state,the density of cottes were found to be a function of the densities pre-cipitates or oxide particles in bulk alloy.In addition to the changes of local sputtering rate,theelectrostatic effect may play a role on the formation fo cones.