PLC控制系统在CCPP中的应用

本文主要介绍了重钢集团股份有限公司的CCPP（燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组）特点和PLC控制系统在这个项目中应用。PLC控制系统完成了CCPP工程中的燃气轮机、煤压机、余热锅炉、汽轮机等主体系统的主要功能和控制逻辑,在整个项目中起到了举足轻重的作用。     

一种改进编码器角度解算过程的方法与实现

在机械电子一直是一个热门学科,其目的是通过软件控制机械操作来代替机械的哑巴解决方案。DS-25旋转电子编码器能够很好地与机械电子应用相匹配,其输出为两路标准的sine和cosine曲线,通过分析sine和cosine数值来计算编码器所对应的绝对角度位置。通过对DS-25的工作模式分析和实际应用情况提出角度解算的改进方案,该方案利用DS-25工作于粗略模式下测试到的角度值来推算精确模式下的信号周期,结合精确模式下测试到的角度值来计算编码器所对应的绝对角度。摒弃其原有的复杂查表过程进而节省电子表格的存储空间,在降低硬件成本的同时提升了软件灵活性。实验证明,算法的改进能够节省约2KB的存储空间,角度位置误差能控制在1‰以内。     

Spacebased estimation of moisture transport in marine atmosphere using support vector regression

An improved algorithm is developed based on support vector regression (SVR) to estimate horizonal water vapor transport integrated through the depth of the atmosphere (Θ) over the global ocean from observations of surface wind-stress vector by QuikSCAT, cloud drift wind vector derived from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and geostationary satellites, and precipitable water from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The statistical relation is established between the input parameters (the surface wind stress, the 850 mb wind, the precipitable water, time and location) and the target data (Θ calculated from rawinsondes and reanalysis of numerical weather prediction model). The results are validated with independent daily rawinsonde observations, monthly mean reanalysis data, and through regional water balance. This study clearly demonstrates the improvement of Θ derived from satellite data using SVR over previous data sets based on linear regression and neural network. The SVR methodology reduces both mean bias and standard deviation compared with rawinsonde observations. It agrees better with observations from synoptic to seasonal time scales, and compare more favorably with the reanalysis data on seasonal variations. Only the SVR result can achieve the water balance over South America. The rationale of the advantage by SVR method and the impact of adding the upper level wind will also be discussed.     

Neural networks in process life cycle profit modelling

Changes in operational environment of the process industry such as decreasing selling prices, increased competition between companies and new legislation, set requirements for performance and effectiveness of the industrial production lines and processes. For the basis of this study, a life cycle profit (LCP) model of a pulp process was constructed using different kind of process information including chemical consumptions and production levels of material and energy flows in unit processes. However, all the information needed in the creation of relevant LCP model was not directly provided by information systems of the plant. In this study, neural networks was used to model pulp bleaching process and fill out missing information and furthermore to create estimators for the alkaline chemical consumption. A data-based modelling approach was applied using an example, where factors affecting the sodium hydroxide consumption in the bleaching stage were solved. The results showed that raw process data can be refined into new valuable information using computational methods and moreover to improve the accuracy of life cycle profit models.     

基于FPGA的偶数分频器设计

随着电子技术的发展,工作频率成为电子产品优劣的一个重要依据,这使得我们对晶振的要求越来越高。如果我们仅通过分频,对较高的晶振源进行分频就能很容易的得到比较丰富的频率。分频器是数字系统设计中的一种基本电路,本文介绍了通过QuartusII开发平台,利用Verilog硬件描述语言设计了一种能够实现等占空比的任意偶数分频、等占空比任意奇数分频、不等占空比的任意半整数分频的较为通用的分频器,并通过QuartusII进行了功能仿真。     

浅析非物质社会对当代设计的影响

本文通过对于非物质社会的基本概念及其对当代设计的影响的探讨,强调以人为本与人性化设计的设计观,以应对非物质化社会的普及。     

面向Si/SiC混合器件逆变器全寿命周期安全工作区的多开关模式主动切换策略

基于硅基绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Si IGBT)和碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应管(SiC MOSFET)的Si IGBT/SiC MOSFET混合器件采用多开关模式切换策略可使变换器具备应对复杂工况的能力,然而现有切换策略并未考虑器件疲劳老化对模式切换阈值电流的影响,在混合器件老化进程后期极有可能造成器件热失效,进而严重威胁变换器的可靠运行。基于此,提出了一种面向Si/SiC混合器件逆变器全寿命周期安全工作区的多开关模式主动切换策略。基于器件疲劳老化对逆变器最大安全运行电流的影响规律,设计了考虑老化进程的逆变器安全工作区刻画流程。根据安全工作区刻画结果,提出了适用于混合器件全寿命周期的多开关模式主动切换策略。实验结果表明,该策略能够针对混合器件不同老化程度来动态调整开关模式切换阈值电流,从而在器件全寿命周期内保障逆变器的运行可靠性。     

Gradient “Single-Crystal” Li-Rich Cathode Materials for High-Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries

As one of the high-energy cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), lithium-rich-layered oxide with “single-crystal” characteristic (SC-LLO) can effectively restrain side reactions and cracks due to the reduced inner boundaries and enhanced mechanical stabilities. However, there are still high challenges for SC-LLO with diverse performance requirements, especially on their cycle stability improvement. Herein, a novel concentration gradient “single-crystal” LLO (GSC-LLO), with gradually decreasing Mn and increasing Ni contents from center to surface, is designed and prepared by combining co-precipitation and molten-salt sintering methods, yielding a capacity retention of 97.6% and an energy density retention of 95.8% within 100 cycles at 0.1 C. The enhanced performance is mostly attributed to the gradient-induced stabilized structure, free of cracks and less spinel-like structure formation after long-term cycling. Furthermore, the gradient design is also beneficial to the safety of LLOs as suggested by the improved thermal stability and reduced gas release. This study provides an effective strategy to prepare high-energy, high-stability, and high-safety LLOs for advanced LIBs.     

太阳能驱动的氢-冷-热-电综合能源系统性能分析

基于可再生能源的综合能源系统具有清洁低碳与安全高效的特点。提出一种以抛物面槽式太阳能集热器驱动的综合能源系统,该系统包括质子交换膜电解池、有机朗肯循环和吸收式制冷子系统。根据能量梯级利用原理和热力学分析理论,建立综合能源系统的稳态数学模型,分析热力参数变化对系统性能的影响规律。结果表明,在设计条件下,质子交换膜电解槽制氢效率、有机朗肯循环发电效率和吸收式制冷效率分别为58.65%、12.20%、36.93%,制氢功冷联供总效率为55.58%。系统总效率随着涡轮机入口温度升高先增加后减少;随着发生器出口温度升高而增加。另外,增加工作压力和膜厚度会导致电解槽电压升高和电解槽效率下降。研究结果可为以抛物面槽式太阳能集热器驱动的多联供系统的建立和评价提供参考。     

一种SVPWM简化算法的设计与实现

针对传统空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）算法需要进行求反正切、求正弦、求余弦等三角运算,造成其在嵌入式MCU中实现较为复杂、计算量大的问题,介绍了一种简化的SVPWM算法。设计了一种和（a,b,c）三相参考系成逆时针90°夹角的（a'',b'',c''）参考系,使新的三相参考系和SVPWM扇区边界垂直,将（α,β）正交坐标系下的合成电压空间矢量U_s映射到（a'',b'',c''）参考系,根据a''、b''、c''轴分量的正负号直接判断矢量所在扇区。将PWM模块设置为中心对齐模式,跳过基本矢量维持时间的计算,根据标幺化的a''、b''、c''轴分量和U_s所在扇区直接计算PWM模块的占空比,采用七段式SVPWM方法实现对a、b、c三相相电压的SVPWM。所提算法简化了SVPWM中的空间矢量扇区判断和占空比计算,缩短了SVPWM的运算时间,为进一步提升逆变器的开关频率提供了空间。