城市低有机质污泥的好氧堆肥研究

针对低有机质含量污泥和难降解调理剂混合堆肥时因发热量不足而易导致堆肥失败的问题,利用草坪碎屑作为污泥堆肥的调理剂,考察了添加草屑发酵物后低有机质污泥的好氧堆肥效果.结果表明,草屑发酵后可转化为易被微生物利用的外加碳源,有利于低有机质污泥的堆肥;将发酵青草按1：5的质量比加到低有机质污泥中,混合后在强制通风条件下进行好氧堆肥,能使污泥堆肥温度升至55℃,并维持3 d以上,使污泥达到无害化和稳定化;对腐熟后的污泥进行植物栽培试验,证明了其可作为有机肥使用,并具有良好的效果.     

Membrane bioreactor for the drinking water treatment of polluted surface water supplies

A laboratory membrane bioreactor (MBR) using a submerged polyethylene hollow-fibre membrane module with a pore size of 0.4 microm and a total surface area of 0.2 m2 was used for treating a raw water supply slightly polluted by domestic sewage. The feeding influent had a total organic carbon (TOC) level of 3-5 mg/L and an ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) concentration of 3-4 mg/L. The MBR ran continuously for more than 500 days, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) as short as 1h or less. Sufficient organic degradation and complete nitrification were achieved in the MBR effluent, which normally had a TOC of less than 2 mg/L and a NH(3)-N of lower than 0.2 mg/L. The process was also highly effective for eliminating conventional water impurities, as demonstrated by decreases in turbidity from 4.50+/-1.11 to 0.08+/-0.03 NTU, in total coliforms from 10(5)/mL to less than 5/mL and in UV(254) absorbance from 0.098+/-0.019 to 0.036+/-0.007 cm(-1). With the MBR treatment, the 3-day trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was significantly reduced from 239.5+/-43.8 to 60.4+/-23.1 microg/L. The initial chlorine demand for disinfection decreased from 22.3+/-5.1 to 0.5+/-0. 1mg/L. The biostability of the effluent improved considerably as the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) decreased from 134.5+/-52.7 to 25.3+/-19.9 microg/L. All of these water quality parameters show the superior quality of the MBR-treated water, which was comparable to or even better than the local tap water. Molecular size distribution analysis and the hydrophobic characterisation of the MBR effluent, in comparison to the filtered liquor from the bioreactor, suggest that the MBR had an enhanced filtration mechanism. A sludge layer on the membrane surface could have functioned as an additional barrier to the passage of typical THM precursors, such as large organic molecules and hydrophobic compounds. These results indicate that the MBR with a short HRT could be developed as an effective biological water treatment process to address the urgent need of many developing countries that are plagued by the serious contamination of surface water resources.     

有机硅改性甲醛松香环氧树脂的制备与性能研究

用苯基三甲氧基硅烷、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷水解制备了聚苯基甲氧基硅烷(PPMS),采用两种不同的方法,用PPMS对甲醛松香环氧树脂进行了改性。结果表明,化学改性方法优于物理改性方法。物理改性方法对性能的提高没有起到明显的作用,两相相容性差,固化物性能降低;化学改性方法既提高了固化物的力学性能,又提高了固化物的热性能,相容性较好。     

Organic nitrogen transformations in a 4-stage Bardenpho nitrogen removal plant and bioavailability/biodegradability of effluent DON

Nitrogen species, specifically, the fate and occurrence of organic nitrogen (ON) within a 4-stage Bardenpho process bioreactor producing low total nitrogen (TN) effluents were investigated in this study. The results showed release of ON in primary anoxic zone and no ON release in the first aerobic zone of the process. The research included investigation of biodegradability/bioavailability of wastewater-derived effluent dissolved ON (DON). The final-effluent DON utilization was evaluated by two different bioassay protocols in the presence and absence of nitrate. About 28–57% of the effluent DON was bioavailable/biodegradable. Bioavailable (to algae and bacteria) DON (ABDON) and biodegradable (to bacteria) DON (BDON) results did not show significant differences in terms of quantity, but DON utilization rates by ABDON (0.13 day⁻¹) protocol were higher than that of the BDON (0.04 day⁻¹) protocol in the nitrate-removal samples. As a result, ABDON requires a shorter time to exert the bioavailable fraction due to symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria. In the nitrate-containing samples, it appears that nitrate competes with labile DON as a nitrogen source to microorganisms in both ABDON and BDON protocols. The first order decay rate of DON in the presence of nitrate was 0.11 day⁻¹ and 0.02 day⁻¹ for ABDON and BDON, respectively.     

淮北煤系高岭土补强天然橡胶试验研究

以表面改性的超细高岭土粉体（平均粒径1．54μm）为原料,研究其对天然橡胶的补强作用。通过不同种类偶联剂及高岭土填充量等试验研究表明,对于此淮北高岭土,适宜的偶联剂是钛酸酯;在填充量相同前提下,煅烧土对天然橡胶的补强效果优于未煅烧土;SEM分析可知,粉体粒度越细,补强效果越好。     

造粒流化床对不同形态污染物的强化去除

分别采用溶解性葡萄糖和颗粒性淀粉作为配水中的有机物,考察了混凝(烧杯试验)及造拉流化床时有机物的去除特性.研究表明,对于溶解性有机物(COD)而言,混凝对其去除效果非常有限,去除率仅为13.3% ,而大部分的颗粒性有机物可通过混凝作用去除;造粒流化床时溶解性有机物(COD)的去除率高达97.8% ,远远高于混凝及强化一级处理(CEPT)的.由于颗粒的形成,使得造粒流化床所去除的污染物不仅包括混凝可沉淀和可混凝但不可沉淀两部分,甚至还去除了相当一部分不可混凝的污染物,这是造粒流化床去除效率较高的原因.另外,颗粒的形成对于去除溶解性有机物的强化作用要明显高于对颗粒性有机物的.     

不同条件下UBAF的硝化性能研究

采用以陶粒为填料的上向流曝气生物滤池(UBAF)处理城市污水,考察了水力负荷、有机容积负荷和氨氮容积负荷对UBAF硝化性能的影响.结果表明:随着水力负荷的提高,UBAF的硝化性能加速下降,当水力负荷由0.8 m3/(m2·h)增至1.5 m3/(m2·h)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率仅下降了4.87%,当继续增至2.2 m3/(m2·h)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了9.80%;当有机容积负荷从0.86 kgCOD/(m3·d)增至2.56 kgCOD/(m3·d)时,UBAF对NH4+-N的平均去除率仅下降了4.15%,当继续增至3.92 kgCOD/(m3·d)时,对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了8.77%,虽降幅增大但仍能实现对NH+4-N的平均去除率＞75%;当NH4+-N容积负荷从0.24 kgNH4+-N/(m3·d)增至0.41 kgNH+4-N/(m3·d)时,UBAF对NH+4-N的平均去除率仅下降了3.59%,当继续增至0.51 kgNH+4-N/(m3·d)时,对NH+4-N的平均去除率又下降了6.82%(UBAF的硝化性能加速下降).     

岛津TOC-4100型总有机碳测量仪及其在水质监测中的应用

针对TOC的“燃烧氧化—红外线分析”测定方法，重点介绍了日本岛津公司生产的TOC—4100型总有机碳测量仪的工作原理、性能特点及其在水质监测中的应用。     

无水有机溶剂-氯化铜体系浸出金的研究

以单因素实验及正交实验研究了无水CuCl2-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺体系浸出金。在无水CuCl2浓度0.75 mol/L、浸出温度75℃、浸出时间75 min、液固比500：1的优化条件下,金的浸出率可以达到96.6%;浸出液中的金可被蒸馏水还原,得到金单质,常温下加溶液体积80%的蒸馏水,经1.5 h,金的还原率达99.2%。体系对实际物料表现出很好的恒择性浸出金的能力。     

蓝光材料FIrpic的合成、结构表征及光物理性能测试

以水合三氯化铱和 dfppy 为原料,在乙二醇单乙醚溶剂中反应得氯桥二聚体(dfppy)2Ir(μ-Cl2)Ir(dfppy)2,然后在碱性条件下与2-吡啶甲酸反应合成出 FIrpic。通过核磁共振谱(1HNMR、13CNMR)、质谱、红外光谱和单晶X射线衍射等确定了分子结构,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测试了纯度,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和光致发光光谱对其光物理性能进行了测试。结果表明：FIrpic为电中性八面体配合物,在476 nm处出现了较强的蓝光发射,其合成产率大于90%,纯度为99.22%,该方法适于FIrpic的批量制备。