The Role of the Choroid in Stargardt Disease

Stargardt disease is the commonest juvenile macular dystrophy. It is caused by genetic mutations in the ABCA4 gene. Diagnosis is not always straightforward, and various phenocopies exist. Late-onset disease can be misdiagnosed with age-related macular disease. A correct diagnosis is particularly critical because of emergent gene therapies. Stargardt disease is known to affect retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Many studies have also highlighted the importance of the choroid in the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and progression of the disease. The choroid is in an integral relationship with the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, and its possible involvement during the disease should be considered. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current diagnostic tools for choroidal evaluation and the extrapolation of useful data for ophthalmologists and researchers studying the disease.     

Proteomic Biomarkers of the Apnea Hypopnea Index and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Insights into the Pathophysiology of Presence,Severity, and Treatment Response

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disease associated with excessive sleepiness and increased cardiovascular risk, affects an estimated 1 billion people worldwide. The present study examined proteomic biomarkers indicative of presence, severity, and treatment response in OSA. Participants (n = 1391) of the Stanford Technology Analytics and Genomics in Sleep study had blood collected and completed an overnight polysomnography for scoring the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). A highly multiplexed aptamer-based array (SomaScan) was used to quantify 5000 proteins in all plasma samples. Two separate intervention-based cohorts with sleep apnea (n = 41) provided samples pre- and post-continuous/positive airway pressure (CPAP/PAP). Multivariate analyses identified 84 proteins (47 positively, 37 negatively) associated with AHI after correction for multiple testing. Of the top 15 features from a machine learning classifier for AHI ≥ 15 vs. AHI < 15 (Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.74), 8 were significant markers of both AHI and OSA from multivariate analyses. Exploration of pre- and post-intervention analysis identified 5 of the 84 proteins to be significantly decreased following CPAP/PAP treatment, with pathways involving endothelial function, blood coagulation, and inflammatory response. The present study identified PAI-1, tPA, and sE-Selectin as key biomarkers and suggests that endothelial dysfunction and increased coagulopathy are important consequences of OSA, which may explain the association with cardiovascular disease and stroke.     

Web日志挖掘中一种事务识别方法的改进

从 web日志中发现有用的信息是所有 web站点管理者的迫切愿望 ,但 web服务器日志的不准确导致数据准备阶段的复杂性 .在数据挖掘以往的应用领域如 POS数据库中 ,存在着具有自然特征的事务 ,而在 web日志中不但没有这种事务 ,而且还不容易通过分析得到这种事务 .本文首先描述了引用长度事务分割方法的用户浏览行为模型 ,然后针对这种模型提出了两点改进 :增加了网络延时参数和对噪音数据处理的考虑 .改进后的模型能适应网络延时较大且随时间变化的情况 ,更能够反映用户的实际浏览行为     

引入信息预处理的多状态二进制改进算法

针对多状态二进制防碰撞算法通讯数据存在冗余的情况,引入信息预处理与阅读器部分接收机制。在识别过程只处理冲突位,阅读器只接收并记录标签部分数据,尽量避免数据重复发送与接收,状态标志根据不同指令做变化,减少交互次数,从而降低通讯数据量。采用Java进行算法模拟仿真,结果表明,在碰撞位不连续,碰撞位冲突率低于25%时,算法在减少通讯量方面,具有明显优势。若不计入预处理过程,该算法在任何碰撞位冲突率下通讯数据量都有较大优势。     

基于基频的朝鲜语方言辨识方法的研究

该文提出了一种基于基音频率特征的中国朝鲜族语言、韩国朝鲜语和朝鲜朝鲜语方言的自动辨识方法。首先,选择具有良好区分度的基频移位差分系数作为三个方言的特征参数;其次,设计和采用了分层支持向量机分类器,并进一步引入投票法确定最佳的分类结果。实验结果表明该文提取的特征参数具有良好的区分性和较强的稳定性,该文提出的方言辨识方法比传统的移位差分倒谱系数特征方法识别率高,可以有效解决朝鲜朝鲜语、韩国朝鲜语和中国朝鲜族语言的方言辨识问题。     

Recursive identification for Hammerstein–Wiener systems with dead-zone input nonlinearity

A new recursive algorithm is proposed for the identification of a special form of Hammerstein–Wiener system with dead-zone nonlinearity input block. The direct motivation of this work is to implement on-line control strategies on this kind of system to produce adaptive control algorithms. With the parameterization model of the Hammerstein–Wiener system, a special form of model estimation error is defined; and then its approximate formula is given for the following derivation. Based on these, a recursive identification algorithm is established that aims at minimizing the sum of the squared parameter estimation errors. The conditions of uniform convergence are obtained from the property analysis of the proposed algorithm and an adaptive setting method for a weighted factor in the algorithm is given, which enhances the convergence of the proposed algorithm. This algorithm can also be used for the identification of the Hammerstein systems with dead-zone nonlinearity input block. Three simulation examples show the validity of this algorithm.     

Relief算法在笔迹识别中的应用

Relief及其扩展算法是基于最大化假设间隔的特征选择算法,能够快速进行高维度的特征选择。该文围绕汉字笔迹识别,探讨了多类别、样本数量偏差情况对算法过程的影响。文中提出了一种有效应对数量偏差的算法过程,并成功运用于约简高维的笔迹特征。实验表明,改进后的算法不仅节约了处理时间,也进一步改进了特征选择的有效性。     

家用电冰箱碳排放评价指标体系研究

针对家用电冰箱的碳排放评价问题,本文在分析家用冰箱生命周期碳足迹的基础上,引用了调整容积的概念统一冰箱产品的功能描述,并基于产品功能与其生命周期碳排放关键影响因素构建了家用冰箱生命周期碳排放评价指标体系,为设计人员进行电冰箱的低碳设计提供支持。     

Single-Step Fast Tissue Clearing of Thick Mouse Brain Tissue for Multi-Dimensional High-Resolution Imaging

Recent advances in optical clearing techniques have dramatically improved deep tissue imaging by reducing the obscuring effects of light scattering and absorption. However, these optical clearing methods require specialized equipment or a lengthy undertaking with complex protocols that can lead to sample volume changes and distortion. In addition, the imaging of cleared tissues has limitations, such as fluorescence bleaching, harmful and foul-smelling solutions, and the difficulty of handling samples in high-viscosity refractive index (RI) matching solutions. To address the various limitations of thick tissue imaging, we developed an Aqueous high refractive Index matching and tissue Clearing solution for Imaging (termed AICI) with a one-step tissue clearing protocol that was easily made at a reasonable price in our own laboratory without any equipment. AICI can rapidly clear a 1 mm thick brain slice within 90 min with simultaneous RI matching, low viscosity, and a high refractive index (RI = 1.466), allowing the imaging of the sample without additional processing. We compared AICI with commercially available RI matching solutions, including optical clear agents (OCAs), for tissue clearing. The viscosity of AICI is closer to that of water compared with other RI matching solutions, and there was a less than 2.3% expansion in the tissue linear morphology during 24 h exposure to AICI. Moreover, AICI remained fluid over 30 days of air exposure, and the EGFP fluorescence signal was only reduced to ~65% after 10 days. AICI showed a limited clearing of brain tissue >3 mm thick. However, fine neuronal structures, such as dendritic spines and axonal boutons, could still be imaged in thick brain slices treated with AICI. Therefore, AICI is useful not only for the three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution identification of neuronal structures, but also for the examination of multiple structural imaging by neuronal distribution, projection, and gene expression in deep brain tissue. AICI is applicable beyond the imaging of fluorescent antibodies and dyes, and can clear a variety of tissue types, making it broadly useful to researchers for optical imaging applications.     

顾客满意度评价体系的建立及应用

介绍了顾客满意度评价体系的构建,该体系包括评价指标的构成、权重确定、顾客对评价指标态度的量化等,采用主观赋权等方法确定各评价指标的权重,将顾客对评价指标态度分为五个等级,并通过多层加权方法,给各等级相应赋值。通过对莱钢某产品顾客满意度定量测评,说明该评价体系对挖掘顾客价值取向、指导企业经营改进、开拓市场等方面的作用,并对该评价体系的运用作了进一步的探讨与思考。