微波消解光度法测定奶粉中的磷

样品预处理在分析测定过程中具有十分重要的作用。本研究探讨了一种新兴的样品预处理方法--微波消解法在奶粉分析中的应用。考察了微波消解时溶剂的用量、消解液体积、消解时间、功率和压力对消解效果的影响,选择了微波消解的最佳工作参数。与传统方法相比,该方法具有省时、省酸,操作简单,减少沾污,改善工作环境等优点,是一种有效的实用方法。     

利用含铬废料制备铬、铬-铝、铬-铝-铁鞣剂

利用皮革厂及铬盐厂的含铬废料工业化制备皮革鞣剂的工艺设计路线,从理论和实践阐述了各种含铬废料的利用原理及生产配比,产品经应用,能满足制革鞣制的要求,进一步确认了该工艺生产产品的可行性,实现了制革工业和铬盐工业固体废弃物的高值转化。     

方城县植烟土壤主要养分的空间分布格局

为明确方城植烟土壤主要养分性质的空间变异特征,利用经典统计学方法和地统计学方法对其进行了分析,结果表明:100个样品中,有机质含量偏低(10g/kg)的占16%,碱解氮偏低(60mg/kg)的占55%,有效磷偏低(10mg/kg)的占64%,速效钾偏低(120mg/kg)的占71%,4种养分因子均呈现中等程度的变异;碱解氮含量具有强烈的空间自相关性,有机质、有效磷和速效钾具有中等强度的空间自相关性;插值图显示,有机质含量偏低(10g/kg)的区域主要分布在方城东南部和中部偏南区域,碱解氮含量偏低(60mg/kg)的区域主要是西北部、中北部和东南部的部分区域,有效磷偏低(10mg/kg)的区域主要是西北部和东南部,全区除西部和东部的部分区域外土壤速效钾含量整体偏低(120mg/kg)。     

不同储藏条件下小麦粉植酸酶活性变化规律研究

在不同储藏条件下,对小麦粉中植酸酶活性变化规律进行研究。采用储藏条件为:相对湿度分别是55%和70%,温度分别为10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃,以此进行小麦粉模拟储藏试验。结果表明,小麦粉植酸酶活性为先快速上升,而后趋于平稳,继而下降;温度、时间对酶活性影响极其显著;小麦粉中植酸酶作用有限,大多数磷都以有机磷形式存在。     

Effect of phytase inclusion and calcium/phosphorus ratio on the performance and nutrient retention of grower–finisher pigs fed barley/wheat/soya bean meal‐based diets

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) level and calcium (Ca)/total P (tP) ratio on the efficacy of microbial phytase. Experiment 1 examined the effects of P concentration and microbial phytase inclusion on mineral excretion and pig performance, while experiment 2 examined the effects of Ca/tP ratio and microbial phytase inclusion on mineral excretion and pig performance. In experiment 1, nutrient and mineral digestibility (n = 4) and growth performance (n = 12) were determined in pigs individually fed diets containing (T1) 5.5 g kg^?1 tP, 2.3 g kg^?1 available P (aP) and 8.0 g kg^?1 Ca, (T2) 5.5 g kg^?1 tP, 2.3 g kg^?1 aP, 8.0 g kg^?1 Ca and 750 FYT kg^?1 Peniophora lycii phytase, (T3) 4.3 g kg^?1 tP, 1.4 g kg^?1 aP and 8.0 g kg^?1 Ca and (T4) 4.3 g kg^?1 tP, 1.4 g kg^?1 aP, 8.0 g kg^?1 Ca and 750 FYT kg^?1 P lycii phytase. In experiment 2, nutrient and mineral digestibility (n = 4) and growth performance (n = 12) were determined in pigs individually fed diets containing (TT1) 4.3 g kg^?1 tP and 8.0 g kg^?1 Ca, (TT2) 4.3 g kg^?1 tP, 8.0 g kg^?1 Ca and 750 FYT kg^?1 P lycii phytase, (TT3) 4.3 g kg^?1 tP and 5.0 g kg^?1 Ca and (TT4) 4.3 g kg^?1 tP, 5.0 g kg^?1 Ca and 750 FYT kg^?1 P lycii phytase. All diets were formulated, using standard feeding values for the ingredients, to have similar concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and lysine. In experiment 1, pigs offered the low‐P diets had significantly lower P intake (P < 0.001), faecal P excretion (P < 0.05), Ca intake (P < 0.05) and faecal Ca excretion (P < 0.05) compared with pigs given the adequate‐P diets. These pigs also had significantly lower daily gain (P < 0.01), feed intake (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). The inclusion of phytase in both the adequate‐ and low‐P diets increased the digestibility of energy (P < 0.05) and Ca (P < 0.01) but had no effect on pig performance. In experiment 2, lowering the Ca/tP ratio from 1.85:1 to 1.15:1 increased the DE content of the diet (P < 0.05). The inclusion of phytase increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of protein (0.874 versus 0.840, SEM 0.009) and Ca (0.427 versus 0.380, SEM 0.019) as well as the DE content of the diet (14.47 versus 14.26 MJ kg^?1, SEM 0.073). There was a significant ratio × phytase interaction (P < 0.5) for P digestibility. Microbial phytase significantly increased P digestibility when added to the 1.15:1 ratio diet but had no effect when added to the 1.85:1 ratio diet. The inclusion of microbial phytase increased feed intake (2.16 versus 2.00 kg day^?1, SEM 0.05; P < 0.05) and weight gain (0.893 versus 0.818 kg day^?1, SEM 0.022; P < 0.05). Lowering the Ca/tP ratio resulted in a significant improvement in FCR (2.32 versus 2.40 kg kg^?1, SEM 0.03; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the beneficial effects of microbial phytase supplementation of pig diets are adversely affected by a wide Ca/tP ratio. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同施磷量对烤烟主要产质性状的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究赣北土壤中有效磷含量高(48.32mg/kg)的田块上烤烟适宜的磷肥用量.试验结果表明,在该类型田块上,不同的磷肥用量对烤烟的生长发育及产质量有不同程度的影响,适当降低磷肥施用量更有利于烤烟生长发育及产质量性状的形成.本试验条件下,以每公顷施P2O5 60-90 kg效果最好.     

固相分光光度法测定石煤渣中痕量钽

在0.30mol/LHCl介质中钽吸附于树脂上,再与5 Br PADAP反应生成有色络合物,在最大吸收波长575nm处,对树脂相直接进行光度测定,建立了固相分光光度法测定痕量钽 的新方法。钽的质量浓度在0～200μg/L范围内符合比尔定律,其表观摩尔吸光系数为2.75×106。该法已应用于石煤渣中痕量钽的测定,获得了满意的结果。     

The distribution of nutrient elements in cell wall and other fractions of the herbage of some grasses and legumes

The distribution of 10 nutrient elements was assessed in three fractions of herbage samples of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, white clover and lucerne. The cell wall fraction, prepared by mechanical disintegration of undried material, contained the following proportions of the total herbage content of the major elements: N, 2.9–16.4%; P, 3.0–6.9%; S, 3.6–17.2%; Ca, 11.3–51.8%; Mg. 6.4–27.6% and K, 0.1–1.7%. Substantial though more variable proportions of the trace element cations, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were also present in the cell wall fraction. The extent to which the elements were soluble in water was assessed by analysis of the water-insoluble fraction prepared from freeze-dried samples of each herbage. The proportions of the total herbage content of the major elements soluble in water were: N, 30–57%; P, 80–92%; S, 35–71%; Ca, 48–69%; Mg. 65–83% and K, 90–96%. With the trace element cations the proportions soluble in water were more variable, though they were generally less than 70% of the total. The extent to which the various elements were soluble in 80% aqueous ethanol was assessed by analysis of the insoluble fraction prepared from freeze-dried materials. With each of the major elements, smaller proportions of the total herbage content were soluble in 80% ethanol than in water, which may reflect in part the lower solubility of proteins and pectin. With the trace element cations, the differences in solubility between 80% ethanol and water were generally small and inconsistent.     

镍闪速熔炼新渣型的物化性质研究

金川镍铜渣中铁的还原性差、难以作为炼铁炉料直接入炉冶炼。提出了提高渣中CaO含量、降低SiO2含量为后续提铁创造条件的工艺设想,并利用FactSage计算模拟软件对金川镍闪速熔炼渣主要成分的相图进行模拟计算,通过试验考察了不同炉渣组分对熔渣物化性质影响的规律。结果表明,合适的新渣型为Fe/SiO2=1.5,CaO 10%～15%,MgO 9%。     

从锌冶炼净化渣中回收高品位铜精矿

锌冶炼净化渣先进行高温浸出,使锌、钴、镉等有价金属进入浸出液,而铜留在渣中,所得铜渣再经高酸浸出及水洗后得到铜精矿。结果表明,最佳高温浸出条件为:液固比(6⁷)∶1,始酸浓度100g/L、终点pH=3.0、807)∶1,始酸浓度100g/L、终点pH=3.0、80⁸5℃浸出8h;高酸洗涤最佳条件为:液固比(485℃浸出8h;高酸洗涤最佳条件为:液固比(4⁶)∶1,终点酸度50g/L,706)∶1,终点酸度50g/L,70⁸0℃浸出6080℃浸出60⁹0min。铜精矿含铜65%以上、含锌小于2%。