固定化红曲霉液体发酵Lovastatin的研究

以红曲霉为研究材料,采用海藻酸钠包埋法固定化红曲霉高产Lovastatin菌株,将其与游离细胞的发酵进程进行比较,分析了固定化细胞的发酵特性及发酵稳定性。结果表明,固定化细胞和游离细胞具有相似的前期发酵过程和Lovastatin最高值,但固定化细胞表现出更长的稳定期和更好的稳定性。     

Effect of the absence of lipoxygenase isoenzymes on the storage characteristics of rice grains

Three varieties of paddy rice with and three varieties without lipoxygenase (LOX) isoenzymes were stored at room temperature, in dark conditions for 42 months. Insect damage and viability were investigated during that time. Varieties without LOX-1,2 and their offspring were screened with a rapid method of estimating LOX isoenzymes, and subjected to an accelerated-ageing experiment. The results indicated that in varieties without LOX-1,2, after long storage, rice quality was normal, but for varieties with LOX-1,2, rice quality deteriorated. With increase of storage time, the germination rate of the seed of most varieties decreased greatly except for varieties without LOX-1,2 where there was almost no change in the germination rate. In varieties without LOX-1,2 and their offspring, after an accelerated ageing experiment the germination rate of some varieties changed slowly, but with others, the germination rate changed quickly. This indicated that a definitive factor, which influenced the life of seeds, may be the loss of LOX-1,2. During storage, there was also a significant difference in the degree of insect damage. In varieties without LOX-3 insect damage was lower, but in varieties with LOX-3 insect damage was higher. Therefore, the absence of LOX-3 may be very important in insect resistance in rice grain.     

Evaluation of the phenolic content,antioxidant activity and colour of Slovenian honey

Honey samples from the seven most common honey types in Slovenia were screened for total phenolic content by the modified Folin–Ciocalteu method, for potential antioxidant activity using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method for antiradical activity. In addition the colour characteristics of honey samples were analysed. The results of the study showed that total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and colour parameters differ widely among different honey types. Phenolic content expressed as gallic acid equivalent ranged from 44.8 mg/kg in acacia honey to 241.4 mg/kg in fir honey. Antioxidant activity was the lowest in the brightest acacia and lime honeys and the highest in darker honeys, namely fir, spruce and forest. The colour of the Slovenian honeys, analysed in this study was very variable and ranged from pale yellow to dark brown. Correlations between the parameters analysed were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).     

Rheological characteristics of suwari and kamaboko gels made of surimi from Indian major carps

The gel strength, compressibility and folding characteristic of suwari (set) and kamaboko (set and cooked) gels prepared from rohu ( Labeo rohita ), catla ( Catla catla ) and mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala ) surimi were examined to understand the occurrence of suwari and modori phenomena in surimi from major freshwater carps. Suwari setting of gels did not take place at lower temperatures. Suwari gels showed good gel strength at 50 °C for rohu and at 60 °C for catla and mrigal after 30 min setting time. Incubation for 60 min decreased the gel strength at 60 °C for rohu and catla. Setting at 25 °C followed by cooking at 90 °C increased the gel strength. Increased setting temperature, however, decreased the gel strength of cooked gels. Gel strength and compressibility data were supported by folding characteristics. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

“中国十大文化名酒”成功案例系列报道之四—文化名酒的口感与工艺特色

国酒茅台集酱香、窖底香和醇甜香于一体,发酵时间长,环境、微生物独特,水质好、无污染。炉州老窖无色透明、窖香幽雅、绵甜爽净、柔和协调、尾净香长、风格典型;窖龄长,粮、曲、水独特,工艺管理严谨。剑南春集五粮之精华,香、醇、净、爽,儒雅柔香。酒鬼酒酱香幽雅、清香灵秀、浓香醇厚。道光廿五酒醇香、幽香、雅香。汝阳杜康、双沟大曲、宝丰大曲、今世缘等文化名酒,也各具独特风格个性。（孙悟）     

内蒙古扎拉格阿木铜多金属矿地球化学、地球物理特征与找矿预测

扎拉格阿木铜多金属矿是近年来内蒙古中西部铜矿勘查的一个重要突破。矿体赋存在哲斯组与花岗闪长岩的外接触带,赋矿层位为哲斯组含碳质板岩及砂板岩。该矿是在对面积很小的1︰5万土壤异常查证时发现的。地球物理特征为高极化率异常的梯度带,相对低(中)的视电阻率,高重力异常区,北东向平稳磁场带中孤岛状小规模高磁异常的北侧。研究表明:0线的AMT-O-1、AMT-0-2异常为下步深部勘查的重点预测区,激电IP1-5、IP1-4及地磁C2异常区为外围找矿的重点预测区。音频大地电磁测深圈定出的异常与已知见矿部位对应良好,配合激电和重力测量成果,是该区有效的物探方法组合,对下一步深部和外围找矿有较好的指导意义。     

Systematic clinical examinations for identification of latent udder health types in Danish dairy herds

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the applicability of systematic clinical examinations of udders as an additional tool for the evaluation of udder health status on dairy farms. During 2000, each of the 16 dairy farms was visited 5 times; 20 cows per farm were chosen at random at each visit for clinical udder examination immediately after milking. The clinical examination included both pathological and morphological variables. One examination per cow was included in the analysis (n = 707 cows). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in 3 steps. First, 19 variables characterizing udder and teats were analyzed (PCA 1). Second, the variables parity and stage of lactation were included (PCA 2). Finally, somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield (PCA 3) were included. The PCA resulted in 4 components that explained 30% of the variation of the data: 1) small udder, 2) distressed udder, 3) mastitis udder, and 4) soiled udder. Variables with high positive correlation to the "small udder" were small udder shape, short teats, and first parity. Impaired teat surface, hard udder texture, and a long udder shape were related to the "distressed udder." The "mastitis udder" was characterized by the clinical variables asymmetry between front quarters, asymmetry between hind quarters, knotty tissue, and acute clinical mastitis. Reduced milk yield and high SCC were related to the "mastitis udder," whereas low SCC was related to the "small udder." The "soiled udder" was related to early lactation. Including this information in the assessment of udder health may be of substantial value for data analysis in farms with suspected under-reporting of clinical mastitis.     

Selection of wild lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Egyptian dairy products according to production and technological criteria

A total of 755 wild lactic acid bacteria (LAB), belonging to Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptcoccus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus isolated from Egyptian raw milk and its products were screened and selected according to their production and technological properties. Many strains showed high yield of biomass in fermentation and some strains were resistant to lyophilization conditions. Most strains showed a good separation after centrifugation, 2% of Lactococcus, 13% of Lactobacillus and 1% of Enterococcus were fast acidifying strains. Aminopeptidase and autolytic activity were generally higher for most lactobacilli compared to other strains. In milk cultures many strains were able to produce pleasant flavours. Antimicrobial activity was detected in 47% of Lactococcus, 21% of Lactobacillus and 41% of Enterococcus strains and some strains produced exopolysaccharides (slime and capsule). Several strains were able to maintain a high activity of two or three technological characteristics together. Detailed information about the characteristics of each strain is available in the culture collection of Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University (FAAU). A wide variety of LAB from traditional Egyptian dairy products that showed potentially important properties are not only valuable for practical application but they may also provide an expanded gene pool for designing genetic modified strains with improved traits.     

喷气织机单圆孔辅助喷嘴结构优化

为进一步降低喷气织机能耗,设计了3种不同孔径的辅助喷嘴,运用流体动力学分析模块对辅助喷嘴引纬流场进行仿真模拟,得到不同孔径下辅助喷嘴出口射流中心线的速度分布曲线。采用自主设计的实验平台获取射流中心线的速度分布,并与模拟的速度结果进行比较。对比结果证明,采用仿真模拟分析辅喷流场的准确性,可为优化辅助喷嘴结构参数,降低织机能耗提供理论参考。结果表明:供气压力为0.3 MPa时,直径为1.1 mm的辅助喷嘴能耗比直径为1.5 mm的辅助喷嘴降低了约25%。     

基于主成分分析的玉米DDGS物理特性评价

为对玉米DDGS的物理特性进行分析及量化评价,以国内外8个玉米DDGS为试验材料,测定分析其容重、热物理特性、摩擦特性、粉碎特性及色差指标参数,并运用主成分分析法简化物理特性指标,构架评价体系,得到每种样品的综合得分。结果表明:样品各物理特性指标间存在不同程度的差异;各物理特性指标之间存在不同程度的相关性,比热与热导率呈极显著正相关,与导温系数呈极显著负相关;热导率与平均粒径呈显著正相关;导温系数与容重呈极显著负相关;摩擦系数与休止角呈极显著正相关,与平均粒径呈极显著负相关;L*、b*与平均粒径呈极显著正相关;L*与b*呈极显著正相关。通过主成分分析提取了3个主成分,累积方差贡献率达到87.415%;主成分分析的结果表明进口玉米DDGS的物理特性较好。