塑料异型材挤出模中的压力分布

本文对塑料异型材挤出模机头典型流道结构进行了分析，给出了各种类型流道的压力降计算公式，并用一实例说明文中所述方法的正确性。     

W/O型反相微乳法制备纳米材料及其应用

简要介绍了反相微乳液的结构、性质、相行为及微观结构的检测方法；阐述了在W／O型反相微乳液中制备纳米材料的反应原理、制备方法及影响纳米微粒成核、增长的因素；综述了近年来国内外使用该方法制备纳米材料的研究进展。     

Microstructure of high modulus solid state extruded polyethylene: 2. X-ray scattering studies of 12, 24 and 36 extrusion draw ratio

The microstructure of a series of solid state extruded polyethylene fibres was examined by wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering. By measuring absolute intensities using a two dimensional position sensitive detector, accurate values of the small-angle invariant for anisotropic samples were obtained. This measurement coupled with wide-angle X-ray scattering and d.s.c. permitted determination of the density of the noncrystalline component. The use of a two phase model for solid state extruded polyethylene is justified if consideration is given to the effective densities of the crystalline and noncrystalline phases, which change with deformation. The effective density of the crystalline phase decreases by 1% (0.999–0.990 g cm^?3) from the unextruded billet compared to a 36 draw ratio extrudate, while the noncrystalline phase density increases by 6% (0.84–0.89 g cm^?3). These changes lead to an overall decrease in the mean squared electron density fluctuation of 63%. The average axial crystallite length measured by wide-angle X-ray scattering increases with extrusion draw ratio while the SAXS long period decreases and weakens considerably. These observations and the electron microscopy results from the previous paper, (Polymer, 1982, 23, 1069), are fully consistent with the key features of the Peterlin model of fibre microstructure.     

CO2‐assisted polymer processing: A new alternative for intractable polymers

CO₂‐assisted polymer processing is proposed as an alternative route for intractable and high molecular weight polymers based on the plasticization effects of CO₂ and its direct effect on the melting behavior of semicrystalline polymers. A modified processing system was used to process a variety of polymers in the presence of high‐pressure CO₂. The system includes an extruder that was modified to allow for high pressures created by the injection of CO₂. The new design includes a modified feed section that allows a given mass of polymer to interact with CO₂ before and during the extrusion process. The inherent shear mixing and the presence of CO₂ allow for a specific control over the extrudate morphology. Results suggest that this alternative design provides a new and easy route to melt process high melt viscosity polymers of commercial importance, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), and syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS). The increased processability of these systems in CO₂ is related to the plasticization effect of CO₂ that was quantified through a depression in the glass‐transition temperature according to the Chow model. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1501–1511, 2004     

受强弱关系理论启发的改进人工蜂群算法

针对原人工蜂群算法在寻优过程中存在收敛精度不高、容易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种改进人工蜂群算法(SWT-ABC)。将社会学中强弱关系模型化并引入多子群矩阵式蜂群结构,定义了强关系个体从三个方向随机引导搜索,加快算法收敛速度和提高收敛精度;为增强算法跳出局部最优的能力,定义了弱关系个体交互以实现子群间信息交流来提升种群多样性;增加侦查蜂反向学习机制并确定合适的蜜源上限,能有效提升目标函数评价次数的利用效率。通过基准测试函数的数值实验并与12种改进算法进行对比,改进后的人工蜂群算法收敛精度更高、全局寻优能力更强,并且在高维优化问题求解中仍具备良好的收敛性能。     

泄洪洞反弧段末端水力特性指标分布规律

龙抬头式泄洪洞在水利水电工程中应用十分普遍,但是由于反弧段流态复杂,其产生空蚀破坏的原因尚不明晰。对不同泄洪洞体型掺气前后的工况进行三维数值计算,对其水力特性指标的分布规律进行研究。结果表明:随着落差Δz增大,反弧段流速逐步增大,水流空化数逐步减小;反弧半径R的改变对反弧段水力参数的影响有限。掺气水流的反弧段水力学指标主要取决于Δz,而受反弧半径R的影响相对较小。当Δz减小时,反弧段末端的水力参数在掺气前后变化不大,反弧段末端下游30m(等于15倍的挑坎高度)处的掺气水流的流速明显降低,空化数明显增高,掺气水流的保护作用对空腔下游部分的水力参数影响更加明显。在反弧末端有二次流出现,两侧边墙附近存在对称涡,不仅对边墙附近的流速压力分布产生一定影响,也加剧了反弧段内的水力特性的复杂程度。     

基于3D打印的定制脊柱侧弯矫形器设计制造与舒适度评价

针对青少年脊柱侧弯矫正问题,研制一款由3D打印制成的脊柱侧弯矫形器并做出舒适度评价.该方法依据色努矫形原理,建立脊柱侧弯矫形器三维模型,并考虑躯干约束对矫形器进行了有限元仿真分析和结构优化,最后进行模型的分块和3D打印,分析精度误差.依据模糊理论和层次分析法,建立了包括环境、材料、结构、运动4个方面的主观舒适度评价方法.结果表明:3D打印技术可实现定制脊柱侧弯矫形器的制造与生产,并在几何精度和穿戴舒适性上表现良好.     

机械自紧火炮身管残余应力分析

为计算具有包兴格效应和卸载硬化效应的机械自紧火炮身管的残余应力,对卸载阶段的火炮身管进行弹塑性分析,得到火炮身管卸载阶段的弹塑性解和弹性解,再结合理想弹塑性材料模型加载阶段的弹塑性解,得到了火炮身管反向屈服半径、残余应力和残余径向位移计算公式.为验证公式的准确性,将理论值与实验值进行比较,误差很小.     

基于并行模板的手写体汉字串行细化算法

针对并行细化算法中细化模板较多,细化不全和串行算法的骨架非对称现象,提出了一种基于并行模板的手写体汉字串行细化算法。该算法改变了剥离边界的方向,引入了4个新的并行细化模板,根据串行算法特点和书写运笔规律,采用逆向扫描法遍历整个图像,通过与其他的模板细化算法进行实验比较,得出该算法在细化手写体汉字时,模板较少,速度较快,细化完全,骨架对称性较好的结论。     

Extension-dominated improved dispersive mixing in single-screw extrusion. Part 2: Comparative analysis with twin-screw extruder

In Part 1 of this work, the possibility of improving single-screw extruders (SSE) better dispersive mixer was explored by harnessing extensional flows provided by the hyperbolic contracting–diverging channels of extensional mixing elements (EME). Addition of the EME to the pin screw generated enhanced breakup for polymer blends and nanocomposite systems without significant penalty in flow rate. In Part 2, experiments are performed on immiscible polymer blends (low-viscosity ratio and high-viscosity ratio) and nanocomposites on both SSE and twin-screw extruder (TSE) with the same rotation speed and throughput. Morphological results show tremendous improvement in dispersive mixing capability of SSE when equipped with EME that are mainly comparable to conventional TSE that is, with kneading blocks as mixing sections, although not as good as TSEs equipped with EMEs. Mechanical results also show enhanced modulus when EME is used in SSE operations.