博斯腾湖矿化度影响因子的敏感度分析

水位,吞吐流,风场从不同机理不同程度影响着博斯腾湖的矿化度分布。本文在定性分析博斯腾湖矿化度分布的影响因子的基础上,建立水流-盐度数学模型,通过采用单因子影响的分析的方法,进行矿化度分布对各影响因子的敏感度分析。研究表明:风场对博湖矿化度分布的影响最为明显,水位和吞吐流对博湖矿化度分布的影响均不明显。该研究对博湖的水环境综合治理有一定的指导意义。     

好氧管式膜生物反应器处理高含盐有机废水的研究

采用好氧管式膜生物反应器处理不同含盐浓度的有机废水 ,研究结果表明 (1)进水COD浓度在 2 0 0 0～ 30 0 0mg/L时 ,出水COD在 179～ 2 2 3mg/L之间 ,COD平均去除率在 89.5 %以上 ;(2 )MBR处理高盐度有机废水耐冲击负荷的能力较强 ,出水水质稳定 ;(3)当膜的TMP =0 .1MPa,盐度为 1.0 %、1.5 %、2 .0 %时 ,管式膜的稳定运行通量分别为30、2 4、2 1L/ (m2 ·h) ,整个运行过程中没有进行膜清洗     

POTENTIAL FOR VEGETATION‐BASED RIVER MANAGEMENT IN DRYLAND,SALINE CATCHMENTS

The approaches used to manage rivers have been developed and adapted to many different problems and settings. Because of their relatively low cost, vegetation‐based approaches implemented at the reach, landholder and catchment scales have become the foundation for river management in most landscapes. In many dryland agricultural catchments, secondary (anthropogenic) salinity caused by clearing native vegetation has resulted in rising saline groundwater, streamflow salinity values that exceed seawater and severe the degradation of riparian vegetation communities. The potential effectiveness of vegetation‐based strategies in these landscapes remains largely unknown, yet these strategies are still widely pursued. This study initially investigated the patterns of vegetation recovery and recolonization following a large flood in a saline river that disturbed the system. A conceptual model was developed to describe spatial patterns of where different vegetation types had regrown and recovered in relation to controls exerted by streamflow salinity, surface texture characteristics, topography and reach morphology. Using this model, vegetation‐based river management options for different reaches were developed, and their potential effectiveness in stabilizing reaches was investigated using a 1‐D hydraulic modelling approach. This study finds that in a dryland catchment with high stream salinity (20 000–93 000 mg L^?1), there is still a strong potential for successful vegetation‐based management, but only in selected reaches. Results showed that changes in stream power and channel velocity were not associated with the areas of most severe vegetation degradation. Rather, there is a complex interplay between channel morphology, channel slope and places of potential vegetation growth within a reach. This paper outlines an approach to evaluate the potential success of vegetation‐based river management in saline landscapes. It identifies the need to prioritize investment based on the following: an understanding of factors controlling revegetation potential, the likely impact of revegetation in mitigating adverse channel changes and the proximity of reaches to high‐value infrastructure and biodiversity assets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

香港巨牡蛎北方人工育苗技术的研

为使在南方进行适于在高温、低盐海区生长的香港巨牡蛎的育苗摆脱受气候影响和技术、设施条件限制造成出苗量极低的困境,研究并推出了在北方夏季进行香港巨牡蛎人工育苗技术。该技术通过强化亲贝营养和25℃以上高温促熟培育,来满足在北方进行香港巨牡蛎人工育苗的条件,并在不同盐度（15‰、20‰、25‰、30‰）和温度（18～21℃、25～28℃）下观察香港巨牡蛎性腺发育;通过合理控制幼虫密度（前期8～10个/ml,后期4～5个/ml）,严把饵料质量关（投喂新鲜无污染的单胞藻）,科学换水与充气,及时分级筛选幼虫等,克服了香港巨牡蛎南方育苗成功率低的技术难题,使育苗生产顺利进行。开展了牡蛎壳和栉孔扇贝壳两种附着基的采苗试验,选出了比较理想的采苗方法——牡蛎壳采苗,该方法提高了稚贝的附着变态率,其附着变态率达50%以上,促进了稚贝的生长和成活。育出了5mm以上的稚贝,单位水体出苗量在15×104粒/m3以上。     

Biomimetic smart nanochannels for power harvesting

With the increasing requirements of reliable and environmentally friendly energy resources, porous materials for sustainable energy conversion technologies have attracted intensive interest in the past decades. As an important block of porous materials, biomimetic smart nanochannels (BSN) have been developed rapidly into an attractive field for their well-tunable geometry and chemistry. With inspiration from nature, many works have been reported to utilize BSN to harvest clean energy. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the BSN for power harvesting from four parts of brief introduction of BSN, biological prototypes for power harvesting, BSN-based energy conversion, and conclusion and outlook. Overall, by learning from nature, exploiting new avenues and improving the performance of BSN, a number of exciting developments in the near future may be anticipated.

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聚合物微球在高温高盐碎屑岩水平井堵水中的应用

塔河油田碎屑岩油藏属高温高盐大底水油藏,非均质性严重,高含水油井上升速度快,严重影响了油田的开发水平。颗粒类堵剂孔喉适配能力差,不具备油水流动选择,堵水效果不佳。通过粒径实验和岩心驱替实验,对聚合物微球性能进行了评价,结果表明：聚合物微球在130℃条件下,用塔河地层水溶胀15d后,粒径增大了18倍,在煤油中粒径没有变化。浓度为2000mg／L的微球封堵率达到93．4％,注微球后双管驱油效率提高11．94％。通过现场试验分析,认为聚合物微球封堵强度较高,受矿化度影响小,增油效果明显,可用于非均质油藏高含水油井堵水。     

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盐水钻井完井液对防止地层中的盐膏层溶解、粘土矿物发生水化膨胀分散，从而导致井壁不稳定和储层产生水敏损害具有很好的作用。然而，研究表明，高矿化度的钻井完井液对干气层会产生严重的伤害，渗透率损害率高达90％。分析研究其损害机理。主要原因是在干气返排驱替过程中，高矿化度盐水钻井完井液漶液中的盐组分会形成盐结晶堵塞储层孔道。中还介绍了防治这种损害的技术对策。     

大港油田南部高温高盐油藏污水聚合物驱实验研究

系统分析了大港油田南部官80断块注入污水中无机离子、有机成分以及3种细菌的含量.研究了污水活性组分对聚合物氧化降解的机理.针对高温高盐油藏条件,用污水配制聚合物,研究了聚合物溶液的增粘性、粘弹性、剪切性和渗流特性,并开展了物理模拟驱油实验.评价出适合官80断块的功能型聚合物驱油体系,在人造岩心上驱油平均提高原油采收率17.3%(OOIP).