不同电极结构等离子体反应器的放大试验研究

应用脉冲放电等离子体技术,在三种不同电极结构的线板式反应器内对模拟甲苯废气的净化进行了放大试验.三种反应器是A-无阻挡式、B-陶瓷板阻挡式和C-陶瓷板阻挡并负载MnOx催化剂式.采用一种基于闸流管开关、Blumlein脉冲形成网络和脉冲变压器技术的高压脉冲电源,其最大输出功率为1kW,最大脉冲电压峰值为100kV.试验结果表明: 当甲苯的初始质量浓度为5.4g/m3、处理气量为4m3/h、峰值电压为67kV、重复频率为300Hz时,反应器A的甲苯去除率为47%,B为64%,C可达80%;当能量密度相同时,C的甲苯能量利用率最高,B次之,A最低;陶瓷板的阻挡有效地降低了反应器放电产生的臭氧质量浓度;当峰值电压相同时,陶瓷板的阻挡有利于提高次峰电压、峰值电流、峰值功率、单脉冲能量及其注入反应器的平均功率;MnOx催化剂的存在可强化放电等离子体去除甲苯的过程.     

工业聚合反应装置：Ⅳ.乳液聚合反应器（下）

讨论了釜式乳液聚合反应器搅拌桨的选择原则及其搅拌特性和乳液聚合反应器的放大准则，聚合过程的控制及其优化。     

Flow patterns in a pilot plant-scale turbulent fluidized bed reactor: Concurrent application of tracers and fiber optic sensors

Hydrodynamics of a turbulent fluidized bed is studied by means of the concurrent application of fiber optic sensors and a helium tracer. It is observed that in the vicinity of the column wall there is a high bubble activity region. Low bubble activity and negative bubble velocities are reported for the dense phase near the column centre-line region. A temperature increase from 22 to 145°C results in a more homogeneous turbulent fluidized bed with smaller bubbles and more gas flowing through an expanded dense bed emulsion phase. Mass transfer coefficients between bubble-emulsion (k_be) and bubble-annulus (k_ba) are evaluated. The dominant mass transfer path was the one from the bubbles to the annular region with k_ba being several times greater than k_be.     

利用世行贷款 推动小水电发展

浙江省顺利完成了中国可再生能源规模化发展项目试点——浙江小水电世行贷款项目。文章回顾了浙江小水电世行贷款项目的实施情况,总结了实施该项目的主要做法及管理模式,并提出了试点项目的有关建议。     

Optimization of biohydrogen inoculum development via a hybrid pH and microwave treatment technique – Semi pilot scale production assessment

The interactive effect of a hybrid pH and microwave pre-treatment on a mixed inoculum for biohydrogen production was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to obtain the optimum pre-treatment conditions of pH, microwave duration and microwave intensity for maximum hydrogen yield. The obtained model had a coefficient of correlation (R²) of 0.87. The optimum inoculum pre-treatment conditions predicted were pH 11 and 2 min microwave treatment at 860 W and the validation experiments demonstrated a 32.41% increase on hydrogen yield.     

福建支持可再生能源规模化发展的法律制度选择

本文阐述了建立推动可再生能源开发利用的法律制度的必要性;介绍了国际上正在流行的可再生能源电力配额制度和固定电价制度;根据国际经验和省情认为固定电价制度是福建省建立法律制度的最佳选择;提出了福建实施固定电价制度应解决的问题。     

Fundamentals in the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts

The preparation of heterogeneous catalysts has by now lost all empirical aspects. The approach is scientific and involves a wide number of specific competencies of solid state chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, kinetics, rheology, etc. The fundamental aspects in the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts starting from catalyst design up to the catalyst in its final form are briefly reviewed, with focus on the key factors in each preparation step and the main differences between laboratory and industrial scale preparations. The main properties of monolithic catalysts and their preparation methods are also reported, considering their relevance for environmental applications.     

EFFECT OF PARTIAL WETTING ON SCALE-UP OF LABORATORY TRICKLE-BED REACTORS

The importance of considering the effects of partial wetting on reactor performance during scale-up was demonstrated by conducting a series of experiments at one space velocity but different liquid flow rates. The hydrogenation of biphenyl was chosen as a model reaction. Conversions ranged from 36% at a liquid flow rate of 2 ml/min to 98% at 10 ml/min. Experiments were performed at 296°C and 5.2 MPa.     

Supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seeds oil: scale-up and economic analysis

This work presents a scale-up and feasibility study for the establishment of supercritical CO₂ extraction plants to produce grape seeds oil. The scale-up factors are determined using experimental and modelling results based on seeds from six grape cultivars over 2 harvest years. The purchased cost of the production plant is estimated using ‘the six-tenth rule’ from the cost of a pilot scale unit. The results indicate that, at the current minimum retail selling price of extra virgin grape seeds oil, the proposed project is technically viable and economically feasible with a breakeven point of US$ 7.46 per kg-oil and rate of return on investment of 28%.     

RC011连续重整催化剂的工业试生产

石油化工科学研究院研制的一种新型连续重整催化剂PS Ⅵ（研究型号），具有低积炭速率和高选择性，适用于各种类型新建连续重整装置，特别适用于受再生能力限制的连续重整装置的扩能改造。2000年11月在建长公司化工厂进行了PS Ⅵ型连续重整催化剂的吨级工业放大试验, 得到了吨级放大的RC011（生产型号）催化剂成品，取得了工业放大的成功。