对XY型矿浆预处理器工作情况简要分析

针对XY系列矿浆预处理器工艺效果及其叶轮工作情况进行了简要分析,指出该系列大型设备工艺效果不佳的主要原因是未按弗劳德数相同的准则而按搅拌叶轮线速度不变的原则进行相似放大所致。     

Optimization of biohydrogen inoculum development via a hybrid pH and microwave treatment technique – Semi pilot scale production assessment

The interactive effect of a hybrid pH and microwave pre-treatment on a mixed inoculum for biohydrogen production was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to obtain the optimum pre-treatment conditions of pH, microwave duration and microwave intensity for maximum hydrogen yield. The obtained model had a coefficient of correlation (R²) of 0.87. The optimum inoculum pre-treatment conditions predicted were pH 11 and 2 min microwave treatment at 860 W and the validation experiments demonstrated a 32.41% increase on hydrogen yield.     

An economic evaluation of freeze-dried kefir starter culture production using whey

An economic study is presented in which industrial-scale production of freeze-dried kefir starter culture is discussed based on results on a laboratory scale. Industrial scale-up was based on a 3-step process using 3 bioreactors of 100, 3,000, and 30,000 L for 300 kg of freeze-dried culture/d of plant capacity. The major cost component of the total investment was the freeze-drying machinery, which consisted of 57% of the total investment. Production cost was reduced from €15.4/kg ($18.5/kg) to ∉2.9/kg ($3.5/kg) when the production capacity was increased from 30 to 900 kg/d. An economic analysis revealed a 3.5-fold increase in production cost compared with the corresponding production cost of the wet product, with an added value of up to ∉10.8 × 10⁹ ($13.0 × 10⁹) within the European Union.     

Scale-up methodologies for Escherichia coli and yeast fermentation processes

Scale-up techniques from the literature have been compiled and reviewed for applicability to Escherichia coli and yeast processes. The consistency of design and operating parameters for the pilot scale vessels in an existing fermentation pilot plant, ranging in nominal volume from 100 l to 19,000 l, was established and compared favorably with approaches found in the literature. Differences were noted as a function of parameters such as fermentor scale, vessel geometry, agitator type/size and ungassed/gassed power input. Further analysis was conducted using actual fermentation data for historical and recent development processes collected over a 10-year-period, focussing on operating conditions at peak culture oxygen uptake rates. Scale-up estimates were performed based on geometric similarity, agitator tip speed, gassed power per unit volume and mixing time. Generally, scale-up calculations from the 280 l scale were most similar to the parameters of installed equipment. Scale-up from the 30 l laboratory scale typically underpredicted parameters with scale-up from the 280 l scale being most appropriate. The 19,000 l fermentor installation was notably different in geometric similarity from the 280 l-1900 l scales since its design was meant to accommodate a wide range of operating volumes. Analysis of historical and recent processing performance was conducted for single cell bacterial or yeast fermentations which challenged peak operating conditions of the fermentors. Identification of key issues associated with scale-up for these specific pilot plant vessels was believed to be critical to efficient process development, clinical material production, and expected process transfer to a manufacturing facility.     

引进300 MW循环流化床锅炉的技术特点分析

为有效利用我国高硫低质煤资源,加快大型循环流化床(CFB)锅炉在我国的发展,国内采用引进技术制造、投运了多台 300 MW CFB锅炉.在介绍引进的 300 MW CFB锅炉结构及布置特点的基础上,重点分析了引进300 MW CFB锅炉与国内现有的100～ 150 MW级CFB锅炉所采用更新技术:裤衩腿炉膛、高的运行床压和控制系统、长入口中心筒偏置的分离器、管束管径不同的外置式换热器、将多维膨胀简化为一维膨胀的膨胀节、四分仓回转式空气预热器、汽水调节技术、互为备用的给煤线路以及溢流式风水联合冷渣器.     

福建支持可再生能源规模化发展的法律制度选择

本文阐述了建立推动可再生能源开发利用的法律制度的必要性;介绍了国际上正在流行的可再生能源电力配额制度和固定电价制度;根据国际经验和省情认为固定电价制度是福建省建立法律制度的最佳选择;提出了福建实施固定电价制度应解决的问题。     

Simulated Scale-up and Cost Estimate of a Process for Alkaline Isomerization of Lactose to Lactulose Using Boric Acid as Complexation Agent

A continuous pilot plant process for converting lactose to lactulose, using boric acid as a complexation agent was previously developed. To appraise the commercial feasibility of the process, a scale-up to a commercial plant using the ERRC Food Process Simulator, a process simulator developed at the Eastern Regional Research Center was projected and a cost estimate made. The cost to produce a 55% lactulose syrup at a rate of 93 kilograms per hour (563359 kg year⁻¹) was $5.20 per kilogram ($2.36 per pound). These costs, which do not include packaging or distribution expenses, do include a 25% return on the plant investment. © 1997 SCI.     

搅拌槽中固液悬浮及其放大的研究

研究了具有盘管、碟形底和斜叶涡轮固液悬浮搅拌槽的放大规律。试验用槽径（外径）分别为０．２ｍ、０．５ｍ和１．０ｍ的三个有机玻璃搅拌槽。用激光法测定悬浮液浓度。得出离底悬浮及均匀悬浮时搅拌转速和比功率的经验关联式，与测定槽内轴向速度分布所导出的均匀悬浮方程相吻合，并表明槽径的放大指数主要由循环流数所决定。     

对氰基氯苄中试制备工艺的研究

研究了对氰基甲苯用光氯化法制备对氰基氯苄的中试工艺。把160 kg的对氰基甲苯投入到300 L的搪瓷反应釜中,把3只100 W白炽灯的光照引入到对氰基甲苯液体中,在150~155℃下以8~9.5 kg/h速度通入干燥的氯气,通入氯气的量约38 kg停止反应,冷却氯化液,用离心机分离析出的晶体,母液再投入到反应釜中,重复上述操作,通氯气量分别为17、127、kg,把所得的对氰基氯苄合并,用乙醇重结晶,干燥,共得到产物161.5 kg,总收率78.5%,含量99.5%。     

高硫铝土矿脱硫脱硅扩大连续选矿试验研究

针对贵州省某高硫铝土矿,在小型试验的基础上进行了扩大连续选矿试验,通过验证对比、优化,并在综合考虑资源利用率和经济性的基础上,最终确定了"一次性磨矿—反浮选预先脱硫—正浮选脱硅"的工艺流程,采用在低温下捕收力强的捕收剂,获得了含硫23.07%、Al_2O_332.41%、Si O27.51、硫回收率85.05%的硫精矿和含Al_2O_360.33%、SiO_29.04%、硫0.29%、Al_2O_3回收率84.24%、铝硅比为6.68的铝土矿精矿。该试验结果为该铝土矿的开发利用和在较低温度下的选矿富集提供了技术依据。