Root culture using a mist culture system and estimation of scale-up feasibility

Normal root of Hyoscyamus niger was cultivated in four different culture systems; a flask, a stirred tank reactor, a mist bioreactor, and a unified mist bioreactor. The scopolamine/hyoscyamine contents of the roots in the various reactor configurations were at similar levels, but the growth rates were different. The dry weight of the root in the flask increased 21·4 times in 25 days, 12·9 times in the stirred tank reactor, and 4·76 times in the first mist bioreactor respectively. This low growth rate in the first mist bioreactor was probably due to limited nutrient supply of the air-carrier method. Root growth increased 9·29 times using the unified mist bioreactor in which mist can be sufficiently supplied without dilution of mist by air flow. It was estimated that a scale-up of over 10 dm³ of reactor volume would not be effective if the air-carrier method were used in a mist culture system.     

城镇污水磁种絮凝-高梯度磁分离处理扩大连续试验研究

在小试研究基础上, 开展了磁种絮凝-高梯度磁分离净化处理城镇污水的扩大连续试验研究。试验结果表明, 该工艺对去除城镇污水中的磷、重金属有特效, 并能同时去除其中的COD_Cr、BOD₅、SS, 出水水质达到或接近国家一级排放标准, 是一种很有发展前途的工艺, 尤其适用于城市小区、小城镇污水处理厂建设、城市大中型污水处理厂增能扩容及出水回用强化处理。     

聚氯乙烯树脂高效组合式干燥工艺数值模拟及工程放大

聚氯乙烯树脂生产装置的具体特点,依据聚氯乙烯树脂的干燥动力学数据,数值模拟了聚氯乙烯高昴组合式旋流干燥装置,经与２．５万ｔ／ａ生产装置对比后发现：数值模拟结果与工厂实测数值基本吻合,说明所建立的数学模型可以较地模拟聚氯乙烯高效组合式旋流干燥装置,同时,以此为基础,设计开发了５万ｔ／ａ生产装置。     

Hybrid Self-Assembling Nanoparticles Encapsulating Zoledronic Acid: A Strategy for Fostering Their Clinical Use

Self-assembling nanoparticles (SANPs) promise an effective delivery of bisphosphonates or microRNAs in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) and are obtained through the sequential mixing of four components immediately before use. The self-assembling approach facilitates technology transfer, but the complexity of the SANP preparation protocol raises significant concerns in the clinical setting due to the high risk of human errors during the procedure. In this work, it was hypothesized that the SANP preparation protocol could be simplified by using freeze-dried formulations. An in-depth thermodynamic study was conducted on solutions of different cryoprotectants, namely sucrose, mannitol and trehalose, to test their ability to stabilize the produced SANPs. In addition, the ability of SANPs to deliver drugs after lyophilization was assessed on selected formulations encapsulating zoledronic acid in vitro in the T98G GBM cell line and in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model. Results showed that, after lyophilization optimization, freeze-dried SANPs encapsulating zoledronic acid could retain their delivery ability, showing a significant inhibition of T98G cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that freeze-drying may help boost the industrial development of SANPs for the delivery of drugs to the brain.     

碳纳米管:可控制备决定未来（英文）

在过去几十年中,碳纳米管由于其优异的物理和化学性质而备受关注,被认为是一个强有力的未来明星材料.尽管基于碳纳米管的诸多产品及应用实例相继浮现,但是碳纳米管所呈现出的实际性质与理论值之间依然存在较大差异,无法达到研究者的预期,这源自于目前尚未成熟的控制制备技术.碳纳米管的可控制备技术包括结构的精细控制方法和样品的宏量制备技术,这在很大程度上决定了碳纳米管的未来发展前景.基于此,本文概述了近几十年来研究者们在碳纳米管的精细结构控制、聚合状态设计和样品宏量制备等方面的主要进展,进一步指出了碳纳米管未来的可控制备技术必须与特定化的应用紧密结合,以迎接即将来临的产业化时代.     

阿卡波糖发酵过程的放大研究

研究了阿卡波糖产生菌游动放线菌A-56在30 m3罐上的发酵放大策略。首先通过摇瓶分批补料发酵,考察了补料培养基中麦芽糖和葡萄糖配比对阿卡波糖合成的影响,结果表明,麦芽糖和葡萄糖的配比对阿卡波糖的生物合成具有显著的影响,且麦芽糖和葡萄糖的配比为3∶1最利于阿卡波糖合成;在此基础上,在100 L发酵罐上进一步考察了碳源控制对阿卡波糖发酵的影响,结果表明,补料阶段的发酵液总糖和还原糖浓度分别控制在75～80 g/L和45～50 g/L时,最利于阿卡波糖合成。因此,筛选出总糖和还原糖(麦芽糖和葡萄糖)这两个关键参数作为放大因子,成功地实现了阿卡波糖从100 L罐到30 m3罐的工业化发酵放大,最终(168 h)的阿卡波糖产量达到4 327 mg/L。     

工业反应过程的开发方法Ⅺ．炔醛法合成丁二醇反应过程的开发

以炔醛法合成１，４一丁二醇反应的炔化反应过程和加氢反应过程为研究对象，应用工业反应过程开发方法的基本原则，进行炔化反应和加氢反应开发方法的论述，包括确定优选工艺条件、反应器型大的选择和反应器的主要工程问题。从小试、中试、冷漠试验到工业规模试验，为大型装置设计提供依据。     

GAC adsorber design protocol for the removal of off-flavors

This paper investigates the effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) for removing off-flavor compounds of water—geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). More specifically, it focuses on the development of an appropriate modeling approach and experimental protocol for the design of fixed-bed GAC adsorbers. Adsorption equilibrium, rate and long-term mini-column studies were conducted on a bench-scale for geosmin and MIB to estimate the equilibrium and mass-transfer parameters required for adsorber modeling. The dispersed flow homogeneous surface diffusion model (DFHSDM) was used for the prediction/simulation of the adsorber dynamics. Scale-up procedures based on dimensional analysis and similitude were employed for the design of full-scale adsorbers from bench-scale adsorbers, and for performance forecasting of full-scale adsorbers under different operating conditions. More importantly, operation and maintenance (O & M) costs were estimated for full-scale adsorbers directed at the removal of off flavor compounds, based on carbon utilization rates and disposal costs. These estimates were obtained for different plant capacities and empty bed contact times (EBCTs).     

CHARACTERISTICS AND SCALE-UP OF COAXIAL IMPINGING STREAMS GAS - SOLID CONTACTORS

Scale-up rules and characteristic behavior were defined for coaxial impinging - stream reactors concerning the hydrodynamics, mean residence time and RTD of the particles and heat transfer in drying operations.