皮带秤技术现状及发展趋势

本文叙述了皮带秤的技术现状和发展趋势,介绍了新版R50国际建议的特点,阐明了皮带秤未来发展的三个关键技术和难点,并对皮带秤物料叠加自校准技术进行了论述。     

一种提高光学电压传感器温度稳定性的方法

光学电压传感器的测量精确度易受环境温度的影响。通过设计基准电压源,使基准电压源与被测电压源串联共同作用于同一个光学电压传感器,提出一种获取自校准系数的自校准算法,通过自校准系数对光学电压传感器测量结果进行修正,实现对光学电压传感器的温度补偿。基于该方法设计了自校准光学电压传感器,并对其进行了精确度测试。测试结果表明:在?40℃~+70℃的温度范围内,自校准光学电压传感器的测量误差小于±0.12%,其温度稳定性得到了显著提高。该方法简单有效,为实现实用化的高精确度光学电压互感器提供了解决方案。     

基于激光多边法的坐标测量系统自标定研究

基于激光多边法的坐标测量系统是针对现代装备制造业某些产品尺寸越来越大,而精度要求却越来越高这一特点提出的。系统可利用多边法实现冗余测量,再通过增加目标点个数实现自标定。建立在此思想基础上的多目标点模型,在一定意义上统一了标定和测量,但仿真结果表明该模型的自标定精度受到传感器测距精度、目标点布局方式、目标点个数和测量基站布局方式的影响。所提出的无目标点模型减少了影响因素,其自标定精度主要取决于传感器测距精度,因此可有效保证系统自标定精度,且该模型计算耗时少、解算简单,可实现测量过程中适时标定。     

基于无人机自标定的表面流场测量方法

针对无人机图像标定及配准等关键技术问题,提出了一种基于无人机自标定的表面流场测量方法。该方法基于运动恢复结构(SFM)三维重建技术完成无人机图像自标定,采用加速稳健特征变换(SURF)方法对无人机图像进行配准。将该方法应用于南京市三汊河河口闸下游表面流场测量,结果表明,基于SFM的三维重建精度可以满足自标定的要求,不需要另外设置地面控制点对无人机图像进行标定,简化无人机标定过程, SURF方法可有效地消除无人机位置飘移对表面流场测量结果的影响。     

声矢量阵阵元姿态误差自校正算法研究

在实际情况下,声矢量阵存在阵元姿态误差。为充分认知阵元姿态误差,分析阵元姿态误差对声矢量阵波束图的影响。针对有源校正算法受限于实际的工作环境,提出了一种声矢量阵阵元姿态误差自校正算法。该算法通过非线性迭代使目标函数最小化,从而实现阵元姿态误差参数和信源波达方向（DOA）的联合估计。大量计算机仿真结果表明,该自校正算法具有良好的参数估计及快速收敛性能。     

Self-Calibration of Stationary Cameras

A new practical method is given for the self-calibration of a camera. In this method, at least three images are taken from the same point in space with different orientations of the camera and calibration is computed from an analysis of point matches between the images. The method requires no knowledge of the orientations of the camera. Calibration is based on the image correspondences only. This method differs fundamentally from previous results by Maybank and Faugeras on self-calibration using the epipolar structure of image pairs. In the method of this paper, there is no epipolar structure since all images are taken from the same point in space, and so Maybank and Faugeras's method does not apply. Since the images are all taken from the same point in space, determination of point matches is considerably easier than for images taken with a moving camera, since problems of occlusion or change of aspect or illumination do not occur.A non-iterative calibration algorithm is given that works with any number of images. An iterative refinement method that may be used with noisy data is also described. The algorithm is implemented and validated on several sets of synthetic and real image data.     

高精度自寻北惯性平台的误差建模研究

平台一体化后已不能安装传统的光学棱镜,传统的平台误差建模方法急需改进。基于此现状,对自寻北惯性平台进行了研究。利用加速度表本身的寻北功能来定义坐标基准,通过3个误差角建立了自寻北惯性平台的基准坐标系,在此基础上推导了工程应用中较为实用的惯性仪表误差模型并进行了试验方案设计。该方案可实现无转台、任意初始方位角下自主标定陀螺仪和石英加速度计包括安装误差在内的33项主要误差系数。     

基于多视图像的摄像机自标定方法

摄像机标定是三维重建时的必要步骤。传统的标定方法对设备要求高、操作繁琐,而自标定方法虽然简便,但精度不高,会严重影响三维重建的效果。因此,越来越需要一种操作简便并且精度高的自标定方法。采用SIFT特征点匹配算法,根据多视序列图像中对应点间的相互关系,利用光束法平差,提出了一种基于局部-全局混合优化的迭代优化方法。针对图像匹配量大的问题,提出了一种邻域内图像互匹配方法来降低时间代价。实验表明,本文提出的多摄像机自标定方法是一种有效的高精度方法,采用的邻域内图像互匹配技术能很好地降低图像匹配的时间消耗。根据多视图像的对应点间相互关系,充分利用局部-全局优化的思想,通过混合优化的方法得到相机参数,对比现有自标定算法,本文给出的方法有较高的精度和鲁棒性。     

An improved self-calibration approach based on adaptive genetic algorithm for position-based visual servo

An improved self-calibrating algorithm for visual servo based on adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. Our approach introduces an extension of Mendonca-Cipolla and G. Chesi＇s self-calibration for the positionbased visual servo technique which exploits the singular value property of the essential matrix. Specifically, a suitable dynamic online cost function is generated according to the property of the three singular values. The visual servo process is carried out simultaneous to the dynamic self-calibration, and then the cost function is minimized using the adaptive genetic algorithm instead of the gradient descent method in G. Chesi＇s approach. Moreover, this method overcomes the limitation that the initial parameters must be selected close to the true value, which is not constant in many cases. It is not necessary to know exactly the camera intrinsic parameters when using our approach, instead, coarse coding bounds of the five parameters are enough for the algorithm, which can be done once and for all off-line. Besides, this algorithm does not require knowledge of the 3D model of the object. Simulation experiments are carried out and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides a fast convergence speed and robustness against unpredictable perturbations of camera parameters, and it is an effective and efficient visual servo algorithm.     

Influence of measurement noise and laser arrangement on measurement uncertainty of laser tracker multilateration in machine tool volumetric verification

This paper aims to present different techniques and factors that affect the measurement accuracy of a commercial laser tracker responsible for capturing checkpoints used in machine tool volumetric verification. This study was conducted to uncover various sources of error affecting the measurement uncertainty of the laser tracker, additional sources of error that further contributed to the uncertainty, and the factors influencing these techniques. We also define several noise reduction techniques for the measurements.The improvement in the accuracy of captured points focuses on a multilateration technique and its various resolution methods both analytically and geometrically. Similarly, we present trilateration and least squares techniques that can be used for laser tracker self-calibration, which is an essential parameter in multilateration.This paper presents the influence of the spatial distribution of laser trackers (LTs) in measurement noise reduction by multilateration, which produces an improvement in volumetric error machine tool reduction. A study of the spatial angle between LTs, the distance and the visibility of the point to be measured are presented using a synthetic test. All of these factors limit the scope of multilateration. Similarly, a comparison of self-calibration techniques using the least squares and trilateration methods with which to determine the relative position of the laser tracker employees is presented. We also present the influence of the relationship between the radial and angular measurement noise self-calibration processes as it relates to the volumetric error reduction achieved by the machine tool with multilateration. All studies were performed using synthetic tests generated using a synthetic data parametric generator.