大米栓塞状气力输送的实验研究

本文叙述了以自动成栓、脉冲气刀控制及单仓压送几种方式形成的大米在水平管道中的栓塞状气力输送的实验研究。在管径50毫米,长约15米的管道中,不同的输送供气条件,所形成的栓状流有不同的压降特性和不同的料气输送比,栓塞的长度及运动速度也有差异。在相同气源压力条件下,单仓压送所形成的栓塞状输送比其它几种有较高的输送效率;而自动成栓的栓塞流,则其输送量对气源压力并不敏感,有较为稳定的大米输送质量流量。     

对孤立带电导体表面上场强和场力的分析

本文从三方面详细地揭示了孤立带电导体恰在净电荷所处的导体表面上的场强的场力。使一般教科书用理想化模型不能回答的问题得到了完满的解决。     

翻斗车的行车制动性能分析

翻斗车有前桥制动和四轮制动两种型式。仅前驱动桥制动,其行车制动性能计算不同于汽车。四轮制动的翻斗车,其空载、满载理想制动力分配曲线与汽车恰相反。     

关于300D/32F扁平丝FDY工艺条件探讨

现在市场上的同质化产品太多,多样化面料价格居高不下,为满足客户需求和改善行业竞争模式,对涤纶扁平300 D/32 F工艺讨论.在生产中不断调整工艺参数,检测产品品质.通过优化工艺可以稳定生产出AA率高的异形扁平FDY 300D/32F全消光丝.     

SEM and AFM characterization of surface of two RMGICs for degradation before and after modification with bioactive glass ceramic

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bioactive glass–ceramic particles (Biosilicate®) addition on surface nanoroughness and topography of Resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs).

Methods: Experimental materials were made by incorporating 2 wt% of Biosilicate® into Fuji II LC® (FL) and Vitremer® (VT) powders. Disks of RMGICs (with and without Biosilicate®) measuring 0.5 cm (diameter) × 0.5 mm (thickness) were fabricated and polished. Samples were stored at 37 °C in dry or immersed in distilled water for 30 days. Digital images (20 × 20 μm) from the surfaces were obtained by means of an atomic force microscopy. Three images were acquired for each sample, and four nanoroughness measurements were performed in each image. Nanoroughness (Ra, nm) was assessed by Nanoscope Software V7. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). SEM images were obtained for surface topography analysis.

Results: FL was significantly rougher than VT (p < 0.05) in wet and dry conditions. The addition of Biosilicate® increased the surface roughness in VT and decreased in FL, regardless of the storage media (p ≤ 0.05). No differences existed between materials and storage conditions after Biosilicate® addition. Significance: The Biosilicate® particles addition produced changes on the surface nanoroughness of the RMGICs. These changes depended on the particles size of the original cements in dry conditions. In water storage, dissolution of the Biosilicate® particles, a silica-rich gel formation, and a hydroxyl carbonate apatite precipitation on the surface of the materials changed the nanoroughness surface. FL was the roughest in both conditions.

Significance: The Biosilicate® particles addition produced changes on the surface nanoroughness of the RMGICs. These changes depended on the particles size of the original cements in dry conditions. In water storage, dissolution of the Biosilicate® particles, a silica-rich gel formation, and a hydroxyl carbonate apatite precipitation on the surface of the materials changed the nanoroughness surface. FL was the roughest in both conditions.     

低温脱硝催化剂研究进展

在传统选择性催化还原技术（SCR）催化剂的基础上,分别以钒-钛系催化剂、固溶体催化剂和新型MnO _x 催化剂为重点介绍了近些年低温SCR催化剂的研究进展,综述了不同活性组分的复合型催化剂的制备方法、元素掺杂、反应机理和抗性等,并通过分析不同复合型催化剂的表征总结了催化剂的性能状况以及低温脱硝效率,着重阐述了新型MnO _x 催化剂所具有的优异脱硝特性,认为通过改性提高新型MnO _x 的抗水抗硫性将会成为该领域未来的发展方向和研究热点,最后介绍了不同负载体对新型MnO _x 催化剂的催化效率的影响规律,发现二氧化钛负载体具有良好的抗水性,三氧化二铝负载体能显著增强催化活性,二氧化铈负载体的热稳定性较好。     

氧浓度对调节NOx氧化度协同CABR法脱硝性能及菌群结构的影响

针对调节NO _x 氧化度协同化学吸收-生物还原法在不同氧气体积分数下的NO _x 去除性能及微生物群落结构的动态变化,研究了氧气体积分数对该体系的影响机制。结果表明,调节模拟烟气中NO _x 氧化度为50%时,烟气中包含的氧气体积分数在0~8%的范围内,化学吸收-生物还原（CABR）体系的脱硝效率稳定在99%以上;当氧气体积分数达到10%时,系统脱硝效率仍可超过94%。EPS含量检测显示,氧体积分数从0增加至5%,导致LB-EPS中PN/PS值由1.72上升到2.18,TB-EPS中PN/PS值从1.21降至0.706。高通量测序结果表明,不同氧气体积分数下微生物的优势菌门均为Proteobacteria,其相对丰度达到55.0%~85.7%,它是典型的具有好氧反硝化能力的菌门,这保证了该系统脱硝性能的稳定。综上所述,氧体积分数对调节NO _x 氧化度协同CABR集成系统的脱硝效果影响较小,为烟气中NO _x 的去除提供了新的思路。     

低电导率工质中气泡的极化运动实验研究

为探讨电场作用下气泡在低电导率工质中的极化运动特性,采用高速数码摄像技术对气泡在正庚烷溶液中的生长和分散过程进行了可视化研究,并结合无量纲数分析了不同气体流量和施加电压下的气泡演变特征以及极化力主导的气泡运动规律。结果表明,增大电场强度可导致气泡生长周期缩短,气泡尺寸显著减小,产生频率加快。在低电场强度下,气泡运动主要表现为流体动力学特性;而在强电场作用下,气泡首先受极化力主导而表现为电流体动力学特性,其直线轨迹高度随Bo_E增大而增大。但随着电场强度在竖直方向上的衰减以及液相阻力影响,气泡运动速度不断减小;当气泡脱离极化力主导区域后,其运动再次表现为流体动力学特性,受尾迹诱导和气泡间相互作用影响,气泡在竖直方向上沿毛细管轴向四周扩散。     

H2在MoxSy团簇上吸附解离的尺寸效应研究

浆态床加氢工艺可以处理不同来源的劣质重油、渣油,氢气的活化是重油加氢处理过程中发生的主要反应之一。钼基催化剂的分散性是影响重油加氢活性的关键因素。构建了Mo₇S₁₅、Mo₁₂S₂₆、Mo₁₈S₃₉、Mo₂₅S₅₄和Mo₃₃S₇₁团簇,利用密度泛函理论研究了团簇自身的稳定性、活性以及H₂在不同尺寸团簇上的吸附与解离过程。结果发现,在目前所建立的团簇中,其尺寸越小,结合能越低,最高占据分子轨道-最低未占分子轨道(HOMO-LUMO)能隙值越小,团簇稳定性越弱,活性越强。H₂在簇上的稳定吸附位点为边缘位点。随团簇尺寸增大,吸附能分别为-64.25、-34.60、-34.14、-7.20、-6.82 kJ/mol,吸附能绝对值减小,氢气分子与团簇的相互作用减弱,并且解离能逐渐增大,分别为13.76、33.14、53.64、60.75、64.47 kJ/mol。目前的结果表明,团簇尺寸越小,氢气的吸附解离越容易,显示出更高的活性。     

Assessment of hydraulic performance and fouling control caused by pulse flow in hollow fiber membrane module

To shed light on the effect of pulse flow on shear force and membrane fouling, the pulse frequency and flow velocity based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology were studied. The results show that there is a threshold for this synergy between the pulse frequency and flow velocity, which forms more easily at a high pulse frequency and low flow velocity. Moreover, the transition from pulse flow to continuous flow affects the shear force distribution with the membrane module height. Besides, at the same volumetric flow, Re gradually reaches a plateau as the pulse frequency increases from 1 to 5 Hz, and the membrane fouling control has a better flux recovery, which can reach a maximum of 28.89%. Finally, the results also show that the combined effect of high pulse frequency and low flow velocity would be higher than that of low pulse frequency and high flow velocity.