线性规划模型在氧化铝生产配料工艺中的应用

配料工序是氧化铝生产中的重点和难点之一,其原矿浆和生料浆技术指标的好坏直接关系到拜耳法的溶出效果和烧结熟料的质量和产能,而其中生料浆合格率的控制又是最为复杂的。本文试图将运筹学的高级工具线性规划模型应用于生料浆的调配中,为提高生料浆合格率探索一条可行的途径。     

熔盐电解法制备钛的进展和发展趋势

介绍了熔盐电解法制备金属钛的研究进展,对比传统熔盐电解法和新熔盐电解法的基本原理以及发展状态,指出二氧化钛的直接电化学还原法是一种低能耗、无污染的绿色生产新工艺,最有希望取代传统的Kroll法。     

浆料发泡法制备生物活性多孔钛及其性能

应用传统的浆料发泡法，通过孔隙优化，成功制备出力学性能与骨匹配的多孔钛。扫描电镜分析发现其孔隙相互连通成三维网状结构；经碱热处理的多孔钛在模拟体液中浸泡14d后，表面被一层类骨磷灰石覆盖，具有良好的生物活性。此多孔钛有望成为理想的负重骨缺损修复材料。     

熔盐电解制备难熔金属的现状与展望

介绍了传统的熔盐电解法用于难熔金属制备的应用现状,分析了其存在的弊病：主要是传统熔盐电解法对电解质要求严格,难以找到合适的熔盐.而新开发的熔盐电解法--FFC法和SOM法,都从一定程度上降低了电解过程对电解质的要求,成为熔盐电解制备难熔金属发展的新方向,是低成本、连续化、无污染生产难熔金属的可行之路.上海大学综合分析了FFC法和SOM法的优缺点,提出了一种改良的SOM法,该方法有效避免了FFC法中的缺点,并在制备Ti,Ta,Cr上取得成功.     

中间合金及其状态对A356合金半固态浆料组织的影响

通过实验分析了采用A356合金粉末、纯铝粉末、Al-5Ti-B合金粉末和Al-5Ti—B变形合金进行细化处理对A356合金半固态浆料组织的影响。结果表明，在“熔体处理＋双向电磁搅拌”复合制备技术中，加入约0．15％、平均粒度为100μm的Al-5Ti-B合金粉末进行晶粒细化，可在1min左右制备出形状因子大于0．8、晶粒半径为80μm（空冷）A356合金半固态浆料；加入10％-15％的微米级纯铝粉末可取得与Al-5Ti-B变形合金相当的细化效果；而采用平均粒度为100μm的A356合金粉末进行固液混合铸造，不适合于A356合金半固态浆料的快速制备。     

铝电解烟气净化系统的风量、风压分布及计算

文章详细的介绍了铝电解烟气净化回收各个组成部分的所需风量、风压计算公式，以及公式中各种设计参数的选择。     

泡沫塑料在三维电极法处理废水中的应用探讨

电解法在处理生活污水中有着重要作用,其中三维电极法效果尤其显著.本文对废旧泡沫塑料在采用电解处理生活污水中的吸附作用进行探讨,并以其良好的反应效果说明能在三维电极处理生活污水中得以应用,实现变废为宝.     

泥磷回收制磷危险性分析与防治

泥磷回收制磷属于化学危险品生产,由于黄磷本身的易燃特性和生产中其他因素的诱导,极容易发生泄漏引发火灾和灼伤。介绍了泥磷的产生和泥磷回收制磷的工艺特点。应用系统安全工程的原理和方法,辨识了泥磷回收制磷生产的潜在危险性;辨识了泥磷回收制磷生产过程中的物质危险性、装置危险性和工艺危险性。运用预先危险性分析法（PHA）对泥磷回收制磷的主要危险、有害因素进行分类和分级。根据对主要危险、有害因素分类和分级的结果,提出技术措施和管理措施来提高企业安全生产管理水平和预防生产性事故的发生。     

Water electrolysis on carbon electrodes enhanced by surfactant

In this paper, we present the water electrolysis on the carbon cloth electrode (CC) enhanced by a cationic surfactant, namely, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTMAB). The influence of HTMAB on the two processes in water electrolysis, i.e., hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was investigated. The results showed that an opposite effect of HTMAB on the HER and OER occurs with carbon-based electrodes, i.e., inhibiting the HER indicated as a small negative-potential shift, but enhancing OER as a large negative-potential shift. The improvement on the OER due to the introduction of HTMAB into H₂SO₄ is large enough to offset the declination of the HER in the water electrolysis. The enhancement of HTMAB on the OER is mainly due to accelerating H₂O₂ production from water oxidation at a relatively negative potential. The intermediate H₂O₂ in water electrolysis was detected and confirmed by an enzymatic method. The enhancement of HTMAB on the OER, however, was not observed on systems of Pt/H₂SO₄, CC/KOH and Ni/KOH. It shows that the mechanism of the water electrolysis on the different electrodes in the different electrolyte decides whether the HTMAB plays an enhanced role in the water electrolysis or not. All plausible reasons causing current increase in water electrolysis in H₂SO₄ apart from the catalytic effect of the HTMAB on enhancement of H₂O₂ production have been clearly eliminated. We conceive that there may be a possibility to obtain H₂O₂ rather than O₂ besides H₂ from the water electrolysis just using the carbon-based electrode with introduction of the cationic surfactant HTMAB as the electrolysis voltage is controlled within a certain range.     

Effect of boron on the structural and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline Ti2RuFeBx electrodes

The effect of the boron content on the structural and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline Ti₂RuFeB_x (with x varying from 0 to 12) was studied. The nanocrystalline materials were prepared by high energy ball milling and their structural evolution was analyzed by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Through a detailed Rietveld refinement analysis of the structural data, it is shown that the nanocrystalline materials are mainly composed of a B2 structure at low boron content (0 < x < 2). At higher boron content, TiB₂ is mainly formed and the B2 structure disappears with the concurrent formation of a highly disordered Ru-rich phase. These electrodes were tested for the hydrogen evolution reaction in both NaOH and chlorate solutions. The best results are obtained for 4 ≤ x ≤ 6, with a cathodic overpotential at −250 mA/cm², η₂₅₀, of ∼−575 mV. Accelerated aging tests and continuous electrolysis tests show that η₂₅₀ does not vary with time, contrary to the case of Ti₂RuFe, which shows a rapid deterioration of the cathodic overpotential after a few hours of continuous electrolysis. This is explained by the lower solubility of hydrogen in Ti₂RuFeB₄ as opposed to Ti₂RuFe.