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91.
激励信号频率是影响高频电容式土壤水分传感器性能的重要因素。利用去离子水和2—异丙氧基乙醇(2—isoproxyethanol)或二氧六环(dioxane)2种溶液混合,配制了一系列等效土壤体积含水率为0.9%~51.8%的待测介电溶液来替代土样。从与土壤含水率的函数关系、温度变异性2个方面,分别对激励信号频率为40,50,60,70,80,90,100 MHz的7种土壤水分传感器进行了性能测试与分析。结果表明:7种频率的传感器的输出电压均与土壤体积含水率呈线性负相关,其相关系数R2均大于0.94;激励信号频率不影响传感器输出电压的温度变异性,温差是影响温度变异性的主要因素,其最大变异率均小于4%。试验结果可为设计高频电容式土壤水分传感器时选择激励信号频率提供依据。 相似文献
92.
Zucong Cai 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2002,63(2-3):267-274
Coupled nitrification and denitrification is considered as one of the main pathways of nitrogen losses in paddy soils. The effect of NO3
– on NH4
+ transformation was investigated by using the 15N technique. The paddy soils were collected from Wuxi (soil pH 5.84) and Yingtan (soil pH 5.02), China. The soils were added with either urea (18.57 mol urea-N enriched with 60 atom% 15N excess) plus 2.14 mol KNO3-N (natural abundance) per gram soil (U+NO3) or urea alone (U). The KNO3 was added 6 days after urea addition. The incubation was carried out under flooded condition in either air or N2 gas headspace at 25°C. The results showed that in air headspace, 15NH4
+ oxidization was so fast that about 10% and 8% of added 15N in the treatment U could be oxidized during the incubation period of 73 hours after KNO3 addition in Wuxi and Yingtan soil, respectively. The addition of KNO3 significantly inhibited 15NH4
+ oxidation (p<0.01) in air headspace, while it stimulated 15NH4
+ oxidation in N2 gas headspace, although the oxidation was depressed by the N2 gas headspace itself. Therefore, the accumulation of NO3
– would inhibit further nitrification of NH4
+ at micro-aerobic sites in paddy soils, especially in paddy soils with a low denitrification rate. On the other hand, NO3
– would lead to oxidation of NH4
+in anaerobic bulk soils. 相似文献
93.
溴虫腈土壤和甘蓝微量残留量的气相色谱法测定 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用气相色谱法定量分析溴虫腈土壤和甘蓝微量残留量。样品经丙酮提取 ,液 液分配及氧化铝柱层析法净化后 ,以GC ECD测定 ,DB 170 1毛细管柱 ,氮气为载气 ,柱温 2 6 0℃ ,汽化室温度 2 5 0℃ ,检测器温度 2 80℃ ,外标法定量。该方法快速、准确 ,在 0 0 1~ 2 0 0mg/L范围内线性相关系数r2 =0 9999,平均回收率 90 0 %~ 10 3 6 7% ,变异系数 4 4 8%~ 5 89% ,最小检测量 2× 10 12 g ,最低检出浓度 3 3× 10 4mg/kg。 相似文献
94.
95.
P. R. Ernani 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1995,45(3):193-197
The electrolyte concentration of the soil solution affects the availability of some nutrients in the soil, especially of P, but it is not know at what salt concentration the reactions start to be significantly affected and their magnitude. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of rates of potassium chloride (KCl) on some soil parameters that determine supplying of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Al in an unlimed acid soil. Increasing rates of KCl (from zero up to 2000 mg K kg–1) were applied to soil samples fertilized with 360 mg P kg–1. Solution (Cli) and exchangeable (Csi) forms of P, Ca, Mg, K, and Al were determined in the treated soil samples after 30-days of incubation; cation activity in solution and their selectivity coefficients were then calculated. Addition of KCl at rates equal to or above 500 mg K kg–1 caused a large relative increase on P in the soil solution (Pli) but a small and insignificant increase on the absolute value of Pli. All forms of soil K increased with increases on K applied, and buffer power for K varied according to the range of soil K. At all KCl rates, K displaced Ca, Mg, and Al from the solid phase to the soil solution, but had no effect on the extractable values. The relative preference of cations for the adsorption sites increased with increase on cation valency, and only those selectivity coefficients involving K were affected by K applied. 相似文献
96.
为有利土壤测试工作的开展,促进测土配方施肥技术的推广,对土壤速测技术提出一些基本观点:应用区域主要是乡镇一级;对测试速度要求当天拿结果即可;对准确性适度要求;土壤样仍以风干样品为好;土壤样品粒径统一取0.30 mm。并对速测项目,土壤浸提方法,水、化学试剂的选用提出意见。 相似文献
97.
原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的微量金属元素 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了不同地区土壤样品中的铅、铜、镍、锌元素的含量,相对标准偏差为0.1-3.3,回收率为99.6%-101.6%。该方法简单、快速,并具有良好的精密度和准确度。重点讨论了前处理方法、共存离子对测定结果的影响。 相似文献
98.
Phosphorus (P) inputs are required for sustainable agricultural production in most acid soils of the tropics and subtropics. Phosphate rocks (PR) and organic materials have been suggested as alternative P sources in these soils. Quantitative information on the P availability from sewage sludge (SL) is scanty. Methods to improve the effectiveness of PR such as partial acidulation and compaction with water-soluble P sources have been recommended. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of Florida PR and sewage sludges (irradiated and non-irradiated) applied alone and in mixture with a water-soluble source (triple superphosphate, TSP) at two rates (50 and 150 mg P kg–1 soil). The 32P isotope dilution technique was utilised to determine the proportion of P in the plant taken up from the P fertilizer treatments. Wheat was grown on an acid loamy sand Dystric Eutrocrepts and harvested 6 weeks after planting. Results on total P uptake and the RAE of the P fertilizer sources tested indicated that the addition of 50 mg P kg–1 soil as TSP was adequate in supplying P to the 6-week-old wheat plants as compared to PR and sewage sludge. Intermediate values were obtained for the mixtures. Similar responses were observed for the high P rate. For a given P rate, phosphorus uptake from PR and SL in presence of TSP was higher than P uptake from these sources alone, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of these non-readily available sources. With respect to P uptake from PR applied alone, the relative increases in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence were 52 and 67% for the low and high P rates, respectively. The relative increases in P uptake from SL due to TSP when compared to P uptake from SL alone were 102 and 59% for the low and high P rates of application. Application of a water-soluble P fertilizer together with a non-readily available P source shows an enhancement on the P uptake from the non-readily available P source by the wheat plants. In this experiment the estimated enhancement effects are very likely underestimated. 相似文献
99.
100.
为研究非饱和黏性土的直剪强度特性,采用非膨胀土及两种不同干密度的弱膨胀土进行了包含低应力状态下8种不同上覆压力的直剪试验。试验结果表明,随着上覆压力的增大,最大剪应力及所对应的剪切位移逐渐增大,试验中低应力状态下测定的土体凝聚力小于高应力状态,且试验中的上覆压力对膨胀性土凝聚力的影响大于非膨胀性黏土;而低应力状态下测定的土体内摩擦角大于高应力状态。对直剪试验中上下盒接触面积减小对抗剪强度参数测定的影响进行了分析,分析表明,接触面积减小对抗剪指标有影响,但极其微小。提出对膨胀土边坡浅层破坏进行稳定性分析时应采用低应力下的抗剪强度参数。 相似文献