基于截面含气率的气／液两相流相关速度测量

基于双截面电阻层析成像技术进行气／液两相流的相关速度测试研究,分析了相关速度测量原理,提出了基于截面含气率的相关测速方法。通过插值增加上游、下游双截面含气率的采样数据,利用独立开发的软件系统具有的数据存储与回放功能对基于截面含气率的相关测速方法进行评定实验。实验结果表明：该方法测速精度较高,且稳定可靠。     

内燃机车主发电机绕组直流电阻测试仪的设计

根据机车主发电机绕组测试检修的技术要求,结合单片机技术,开发出机车主发电机直流电阻测试仪。该测试仪能自动安全地完成机车主发电机绕组的检测,保证精度的前提下,缩短了检测时间,提高了生产效率,降低了劳动强度,改善了工作环境。     

绝缘电阻对圆柱型换能器噪声接收灵敏度影响研究

研究装艇条件下绝缘电阻对圆柱型换能器噪声接收灵敏度的影响.推导装艇条件下圆柱型换能器噪声接收灵敏度的表达式,并进行理论计算验证.仿真结果表明,当绝缘电阻大于100 时,对圆柱型换能器噪声接收灵敏度没有影响;当绝缘电阻小于10 时,在频率低于4 时,对圆柱型换能器噪声接收灵敏度影响明显,在大于6 时,基本没有影响.     

我国细菌耐药问题的现状和防控策略

细菌耐药危机日趋严峻,已经成为全球范围内的重大公共安全问题,严重危害人类、动物的健康和生态环境。本文总结了我国各领域细菌耐药问题的现状,分析了加剧细菌耐药性的直接原因,揭示了细菌耐药问题对国民健康、食品安全、生态环境、经济发展等可能造成的危害,整理了我国目前开展的防控行动以及取得的主要成果,最后针对我国细菌耐药防控在耐药监测、抗生素监管、危害风险评估、人才队伍建设等方面的不足,提出了多领域合作、多部门联防联控的细菌耐药防控策略。     

耐高温涂层及其性能表征的研究进展

耐高温涂层在涡轮喷气发动机、高温轴承、高超声速飞行器的热防护以及切削刀具等领域具有广阔的应用背景,在技术创新层面,也具有很大的潜力和良好的发展前景。首先综述了现有耐高温涂层的研究进展,主要包括扩散涂层和覆盖涂层两大类和陶瓷涂层等七小类,并进行了分类讨论。在此基础上探讨了各种耐高温涂层的制备方法和技术手段,归类总结了耐高温涂层性能的主要表征方法,综述了耐高温涂层的耐高温及失效机理,最后展望了其发展的方向。随着相关研究的深入,耐高温涂层在耐温性、抗氧化性、蠕变性、抗冲蚀性等基本性能方面得到进一步提升,同时对其力学性能、鲁棒性能等方面又提出了更高要求。     

Experimental investigation on preparation and performance of clear asphalt

Abstract

Coloured micro-surfacing technology has become increasingly popular in pavement construction because of its economic benefit and ability to accept traffic quickly. The main goal of this study was to produce a clear asphalt with superior performance that can be easily emulsified. Two types of resin that are easy to emulsify and one kind of extract oil were used to synthesise the clear asphalt. The clear asphalt was mixed with a styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) modifier at different proportions using a mechanical agitator. The physical properties of the samples were determined via conventional bitumen tests and the optimum formula was obtained by changing the mixture ratio through orthogonal experimentation. The thin-film oven test evaluated the ageing property of the clear asphalt. The surface energy components corresponding to the advancing process and the receding process were determined using the Wilhelmy plate method. The surface free energy (SFE) of the aggregates was measured with a gravimetric sorption analyser. The adhesive bond energies between asphalt samples and aggregates were calculated using their SFE components to evaluate their properties of fracture and healing. Results show that depending on the amount and type of resin added, different synthetic clear asphalts can be obtained. Further, the clear asphalt mixed with SBS is capable of synthesising better properties at high or low temperature. The clear asphalt with aggregates had fracture and healing properties similar to common base asphalt.     

Design of near-α Ti alloys via a cluster formula approach and their high-temperature oxidation resistance

The multi-component composition characteristics of high-temperature near-α Ti alloys were investigated in the present work by means of a cluster formula approach. The uniform cluster formula [CN12 cluster](glue atom)₃ for the hexagonal close-packed α solid solution was first obtained based on the Friedel oscillation theory, with a total atom number in the formula of Z = 16. Then it was analyzed that the Z values in the cluster composition formulas of typical near-α Ti alloys are within the range of Z = 16.00 ˜ 16.30, being perfectly consistent with the ideal Z = 16. Based on it, a series of new alloys with Z = 16 and with Nb/Ta substitution for Mo in Ti1100 alloy were designed, suction-cast into φ 6 mm rods, and then heat-treated with solid solution and aging. It was found that the alloy with co-addition of Mo, Ta and Nb has a high strength and good ductility at both room and high temperatures. More importantly, the additions of Nb and Ta can contribute to the formation of continuous and compact Al₂O₃ scales, resulting in an obvious improvement of oxidation resistances at both 923 K and 1073 K. The effects of Mo, Ta and Nb on the oxidation behaviors of the designed alloys at 1073 K were further discussed.     

Wrapping effect of secondary phases on the grains: increased corrosion resistance of Mg–Al alloys

The discrete secondary phases usually cause severe galvanic corrosion, thereby resulting in rapid degradation for Mg–Al alloys in orthopaedics application. In this study, CaO was introduced into Mg–Al–Zn (AZ61) alloy via selective laser melting (SLM) to ameliorate the characterisations of the secondary phases, with an aim to improve its corrosion behaviour. Results revealed that CaO reacted with Mg and Al in Mg–Al alloys during SLM, suppressing the formation of coarse Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase and promoting the formation of (Mg, Al)₂Ca phase. Meanwhile, the rapid solidification during SLM promoted the homogeneous precipitation of the second phase. As a result, inert (Mg, Al)₂Ca phase homogeneously wrapped the Mg grains, which effectively protected them from the invasion of corrosion solution. Thus, the degradation rate was remarkably reduced from 0.073 to 0.031?mg?cm^–2?h^–1. Furthermore, AZ61-9CaO exhibited good cytocompatibility. This work suggested that AZ61-9CaO was promising candidates for orthopaedics implants.     

二维任意形状寄生电阻电容的边界元计算

由于集成电路技术高速发展,精确提取任意形状寄生电阻电容变得十分重要,本文以直接边界元素法为基础,利用圆弧样条插值近似任意曲线边界,使插值曲线具有整体一阶连续性,并克服了大挠度与多值的困扰。在直线边界使用线性连续元,在曲线边界使用二次连续无。对两邻国为直线的角点,我们曾提出处理角点处存在多重法的导数的一种方法。这里,它被推广到角点邻边含曲线段的情形。数值结果表明模拟器是可行的。