复合材料叶片结构设计中的几个关键问题探讨

风力发电技术作为新兴技术,欧美一些国家已发展到相当高的水平,我国风力发电近些年也发展迅猛。风力发电的关键技术之一是风力机复合材料叶片的设计与研制,涉及到空气动力学、结构力学、复合材料力学及成型工艺等。本文着重探讨复合材料叶片的结构设计中几个关键的问题,在广泛分析和研究国内外复合材料结构设计现有技术基础上,并结合实际的研究经验,对复合材料叶片结构设计中的材料选择、载荷工况、结构选型、铺层设计以及力学分析等关键环节进行探讨和分析,并给出可行的意见。     

新型橡胶防老剂6PPD合成催化剂

依托对氨基二苯胺和甲基异丁基甲酮一步法合成6PPD的合成工艺,研制出F04型缩合烷基化催化剂。强度试验表明,制备的催化剂使用后强度下降率低、无粉化和使用寿命长。在催化剂作用下,6PPD收率较高,产品合格0过渡期,甲基异丁基甲酮回收率大幅提高。     

筒体切向矩形开孔结构的有限元分析及强度评定

由于筒体切向矩形开孔结构无法按照常规的设计方法进行开孔补强计算,故以旋风分离器为例,对筒体切向开孔区域进行了三维有限元分析;根据有限元分析结果,按照JB4732-1995《钢制压力容器——分析设计标准》（2005年确认版）的规定进行了强度评定,为进行详细工程设计提供了理论依据。     

有光缝纫线升级产品的开发

通过试验分析了熔体的特性粘数、纺丝速度、拉伸倍率、定型温度对1.33 dtex×38 mm有光缝纫线型短纤维强度、伸长率和干热收缩率的影响。结果表明:单方面提高特性粘数、纺丝速度、拉伸倍率、定型温度有利于提高纤维的强度,降低纤维的伸长率;干热收缩率受定型温度的影响;特性粘数和纺丝速度对可拉伸倍率有影响。在实际生产中,工艺参数的选择要考虑相互之间的影响和设备的状况。工业化试验的纤维断裂强度为6.52 cN/dtex、断裂伸长率为23.07%、干热收缩率3.4%,达到了进口产品标准。     

固化工艺参数对胶粘剂180°剥离强度的影响

以自制胶粘剂为基础,研究了剥离强度测试用样条的制备工艺对180°剥离强度的影响。结果表明:样条制备时的温度、压力、时间、胶层厚度和被粘材料表面粗糙度等因素对剥离强度影响较大,并且有一定的规律性,说明对每种胶粘剂的剥离强度测试,除统一测试标准外,还需研究测试用样条的适宜制备工艺,以降低剥离强度的测试误差。     

Terahertz plasmon and surface-plasmon modes in hollow nanospheres

We present a theoretical study of the electronic subband structure and collective electronic excitation associated with plasmon and surface plasmon modes in metal-based hollow nanosphere. The dependence of the electronic subband energy on the sample parameters of the hollow nanosphere is examined. We find that the subband states with different quantum numbers l degenerate roughly when the outer radius of the sphere is r₂ ≥ 100 nm. In this case, the energy spectrum of a sphere is mainly determined by quantum number n. Moreover, the plasmon and surface plasmon excitations can be achieved mainly via inter-subband transitions from occupied subbands to unoccupied subbands. We examine the dependence of the plasmon and surface-plasmon frequencies on the shell thickness d and the outer radius r₂ of the sphere using the standard random-phase approximation. We find that when a four-state model is employed for calculations, four branches of the plasmon and surface plasmon oscillations with terahertz frequencies can be observed, respectively.     

Effect of self-etching ceramic primer on bond strength of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of self-etching ceramic primer (SECP) on shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramics. Two hundred and seventy block-specimens of two types of ZLS ceramics and one type of lithium disilicate (LS) ceramics were prepared. Ninety blocks of each material were divided into three groups (n?=?30), namely group 1: no surface treatment (control), group 2: hydrofluoric acid (HF), silane-based primer (S), and group 3: SECP. Resin cement was applied, and light-cured for build-up. Shear bond strength (SBS) test was used. Half of the bonded specimens (n?=?15) were tested after storage in distilled water for 24?h, whereas the other half were tested after 5000 thermo-cycles. The failure modes were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SBS values for samples treated with SECP and HF?+?S within the respective materials were statistically comparable (p?>?0.05). Thermocycling significantly reduced the SBS (p?<?0.05) for all ceramic materials in groups 2 and 3. Mixed failure followed by adhesive failure were the most common failure modes in groups 2 and 3, whereas pretest failure was only detected in group 1. Considering the limitations of the study, with respect to in vitro bond strength, the SECP is an alternative for the conditioning of internal surface of glass ceramics.     

碳纳米管改性聚脲材料的研究

制备了化学改性的碳纳米管,并用喷涂制样的方式制备了碳纳米管改性的聚脲材料。研究了碳纳米管的种类和添加量等因素对聚脲力学性能的影响。结果表明,涂膜的拉伸强度和撕裂强度随着原始碳纳米管含量的增多而降低;而随着改性碳纳米管添加量的增加,涂膜拉伸强度先升高后下降,撕裂强度提高,断裂伸长率降低;且改性单壁碳纳米管对聚脲材料力学性能的增强效果明显优于改性双壁和多壁碳纳米管的。     

马来酸三乙醇胺酯对水泥水化的影响

为克服三乙醇胺早强剂对水泥抗折强度和后期强度的影响,合成了马来酸三乙醇胺酯,并通过背散射电子成像(BSE)和BET分析,研究了马来酸三乙醇胺酯对水泥水化程度、C-S-H含量和水泥水化28 d分形维数的影响。结果表明:马来酸三乙醇胺酯可促进水泥水化尤其是水泥中硅酸盐相的水化;复掺马来酸三乙醇胺酯和聚羧酸减水剂,可显著提高水泥水化产物中C-S-H的含量;三乙醇胺降低了水泥石28 d的分形维数,马来酸三乙醇胺酯单掺及与聚羧酸减水剂复掺则使水泥石28 d的分形维数提高。由此可见,马来酸三乙醇胺酯作为增强型水泥早强剂具有广阔的应用前景。     

新旧水泥砂浆界面粘结性能试验研究

在荷载和环境因素作用下,混凝土结构产生不同程度的劣化。为了保证结构的安全性和耐久性,需要对损伤水泥基材料进行修复。基体的含水饱和度、界面粗糙度、修补砂浆的水灰比以及试件的养护条件都会影响修补砂浆与基体间的粘结强度。选取四种含水饱和度(0%、30%、70%、100%)的旧砂浆作为基体,浇筑水灰比为0.4和0.6的新砂浆,试件密封养护28 d,剪切试验结果表明:当新砂浆水灰比为0.6,旧砂浆含水饱和度按照70%、30%、100%、0%的顺序变化时,界面的剪切强度逐渐减小;当新砂浆水灰比为0.4,旧砂浆含水饱和度按照30%、0%、70%、100%的顺序变化时,界面的剪切强度逐渐减小。同时发现,新砂浆水灰比为0.4时的界面剪切强度普遍大于水灰比为0.6的数值。通过切槽法改变旧砂浆的界面粗糙度,然后浇筑水灰比为0.6的新砂浆,试件标准养护。剪切试验结果表明:当旧砂浆界面粗糙时,界面间的剪切强度是旧砂浆光滑时的1.26倍。选取两种含水饱和度(0%、100%)的旧砂浆作为基体,浇筑水灰比为0.4和0.6的新砂浆,分别进行标准养护和密封养护,剪切试验结果表明:在旧砂浆含水饱和度和新砂浆水灰比相同的情况下,标准养护下的界面剪切强度明显大于密封养护下的界面剪切强度。