盐+碱协同对多孔碳电极材料电化学性能的影响

超级电容器作为一类新兴的能量存储转换器件,因其充放电速度快、寿命长和安全环保的特点而受到推崇。其中,用于超级电容器的电极材料一直是人们的研究重点,综合原料来源、价格和制备工艺等因素,多孔碳电极材料成为首选。盐模板法和KOH化学活化法都是制备多孔碳电极常用的方法,前者产物的孔结构以介孔为主,但操作复杂;后者活化产物比表面积大,可以精确控制多孔碳电极的孔径分布和孔体积,但该法活化后的多孔碳多以微孔为主。若将两者结合,形成优势互补,协同构建合理的碳材料结构,有助于提升多孔碳电极的电化学性能。以锂电负极行业的固废——针状焦的生焦粉为原料,利用模板和化学活化相结合的方法制备电极材料,探索盐（KCl）和碱（KOH）的添加比例对碳电极材料电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,两种方法相结合制备得到的多孔碳样品的碳结构以表面缺陷较多的无定型碳为主。随着KOH加入量的增加,无定型结构的碳增加,但是加入过量的KOH并不能提高无定型碳的含量。三电极测试分析发现,样品PC-2表现出优异的电容性能,在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,质量比电容达到266.9 A·g^-1;在10 A·g^-1的高电流密度下,容量保持率高达79.4%。该电极材料的内阻仅为0.67 Ω,并且双电层电容性能有极短的响应时间。当m(生焦粉)∶m(KCl)∶m(KOH)=1∶3∶2时,KCl和KOH的协同活化效果达到了最佳,显著提高了碳电极材料电荷的传输能力,且能有效地缩短电解质离子在材料内部的扩散路径,表现出较快的充放电速度。     

岩石破坏后力学特性及其对天然气开采的影响

地层在失去应力平衡后,岩石将发生破坏,而岩石的岩性差异导致破坏后的力学特性也相差较大。岩石在峰值强度后将产生走向各异的裂缝;若岩石在破坏后产生大量岩粉,将堵塞地层中的喉道和裂缝,导致储层的渗流能力降低。选用四川盆地4个区块的4类岩性的多个岩样进行三轴压缩实验,根据岩样峰值强度后的破坏模式定义了3种类型:Ⅰ型岩样破坏后将产生拉伸裂缝,并且应力突降;Ⅱ型岩样破坏后将产生剪切裂缝,应力缓慢降低;Ⅲ型岩样破坏后将产生拉伸与剪切裂缝,应力往复变化。Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型岩样在破坏后形成的裂缝较为单一,且裂缝面光滑;Ⅲ型岩样在破坏后形成走向各异的裂缝,且产生大量的岩粉,影响天然气开采。针对Ⅲ型岩样破坏后产生大量的岩粉,以煤岩为例,提出采用超前预防处理以及在排采期进行治理的措施。     

超细银粉制备技术的现状与展望

本文介绍了超细银粉制备技术的各种方法,尤其重点介绍了真空油面蒸发法和沉淀过滤法等。并对各种方法的优缺点作了比较。同时展望了今后超细银粉制备技术的发展方向。     

粉状饲料混合制粒机的设计

针对粉状混合饲料的生产和运输、储藏中存在的问题,设计了融搅拌混合和颗粒成型为一体的饲料生产机械.介绍了整机的结构和工作原理,对饲料的混合室、搅拌器、螺旋输送挤压器、颗粒成型机构的主要结构特点及相应参数进行了分析与计算.     

The influence of temporary hydrogenation on ECAP formability and low cycle fatigue life of CP titanium

It is generally believed that thermo-hydrogen processing has a beneficial effect on tensile ductility and fatigue properties of titanium. This study was concerned with investigating whether this also applies to titanium of commercial purity (CP) with an ultrafine-grained structure obtained by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). It was shown that despite the possibility to manipulate the microstructure of titanium the thermo-hydrogen processing offers, temporary hydrogenation was not able to improve ductility and low cycle fatigue life of CP titanium over the levels achievable by straight ECAP.     

Investigation of Sn-Zn electrodeposition from acidic bath on EQCM

Tin-zinc (Sn-Zn) alloy with low tin content was deposited on gold electrode and steel substrate with use of chronoamperometric technique from an acidic bath. In order to evaluate coating efficiency of Sn-Zn alloy in 0.5 M NaCl solution, open circuit potential-time curve (E_OCP-t), polarization curves, mass change of the electrode (Δm-t) using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) were compared to those of pure Sn and Zn coatings. Anodic stripping measurements were carried out simultaneously with the mass loss of the deposit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) analysis were performed to characterize the surface morphology. Anodic stripping experiment and EDS analysis indicated that Sn, Zn, and SnO₂ formed on the electrode surface when Sn-Zn was coated from acidic bath. Furthermore, local mapping demonstrated homogeneous distribution of Sn and Zn atoms throughout the surface.     

矿物绝缘电缆铜带纵包氩弧焊焊接连续轧制生产工艺

简述了矿物绝缘电缆铜带纵包氩弧焊焊接连续轧制的生产工艺,并对该生产工艺中可加硅油氧化镁粉运用、定芯管的设计、氩弧焊焊接、轧辊轧制以及中频感应退火作了描述,同时对连续生产过程中相关工艺作了说明。     

抛光用氧化锆固体粉体的表征与制备研究

为筛选合适的氧化锆粉制备抛光液,采用固体紫外光谱、粉末衍射谱、晶体结构拟合、红外光谱、电子探针显微镜等对进口抛光液Zox-N粉体的成分及其品质进行了分析,确定了抛光粉的组成及国产锆粉制备抛光粉的工艺。结果表明,在氧化锆粉中加入0.18%的氧化铁红,混合均匀后在680～720℃煅烧24h,得到的粉体晶型与Zox-N基本一致。     

Improved model and 3D simulation of densification process for iron powder

A new model for describing the compaction process of iron powder was proposed based on the continuum hypothesis and elliptical yield criterion. To simulate the densification behaviour, the constitutive model was implemented in Marc computer program. For the relationship between load and displacement, different models were compared and the influence of the parameters in the constitutive equations was determined by means of simulation and experiments. The density distribution of a balancer was measured and simulated. The results show that the parameter η adopted plays a modification role for the load-displacement curve, and compared with other models the present model fits better with the experimental data in the later stage of the compaction process mainly due to the different parameters A and B. The friction on the contact surface contributes to the inhomogeneous density distribution under large deformation of the workpiece. The comparison between the simulation and experimental data indicates that this model can be used to predict the powder compact process precisely and effectively.     

熔盐法制备的锶铁氧体磁粉的形貌、结构及磁性

用熔盐法制备了锶铁氧体(SrM)磁粉,改变盐的种类及组成、预烧温度Th及保温时间,可以很容易地控制SrM磁粉的粒子大小及分布、形貌、结构和磁性。实验表明,用BaCl2及K2SO4作助熔剂时,可以制备出磁性很好的亚微米SrM磁粉:粒子尺寸0.3~0.5μm,σ16=74.4~79.3μWb.m/kg(σ16为Hm=1273kA/m时的磁化强度),HCJ=414~329kA/m。而用KCl及NaBO2.4H2O作助熔剂时,可以制备粒径均匀、直径厚度比(D/t)很大的扁平状六角形SrM磁粉。这种磁粉适宜于生产高性能的柔性粘结磁体。而前述的亚微米SrM磁粉适宜于生产高矫顽力的烧结磁体。