Mesoporous Hollow Sb/ZnS@C Core–Shell Heterostructures as Anodes for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Combining the advantage of metal, metal sulfide, and carbon, mesoporous hollow core–shell Sb/ZnS@C hybrid heterostructures composed of Sb/ZnS inner core and carbon outer shell are rationally designed based on a robust template of ZnS nanosphere, as anodes for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). A partial cation exchange reaction based on the solubility difference between Sb₂S₃ and ZnS can transform mesoporous ZnS to Sb₂S₃/ZnS heterostructure. To get a stable structure, a thin contiguous resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) layer is introduced on the surface of Sb₂S₃/ZnS heterostructure. The effectively protective carbon layer from RF can be designed as the reducing agent to convert Sb₂S₃ to metallic Sb to obtain core–shell Sb/ZnS@C hybrid heterostructures. Simultaneously, the carbon outer shell is beneficial to the charge transfer kinetics, and can maintain the structure stability during the repeated sodiation/desodiation process. Owing to its unique stable architecture and synergistic effects between the components, the core–shell porous Sb/ZnS@C hybrid heterostructure SIB anode shows a high reversible capacity, good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability by turning the optimized voltage range. This novel strategy to prepare carbon‐layer‐protected metal/metal sulfide core–shell heterostructure can be further extended to design other novel nanostructured systems for high‐performance energy storage devices.     

Hierarchical CdS Nanorod@SnO2 Nanobowl Arrays for Efficient and Stable Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation

An efficient photoanode based on CdS nanorod@SnO₂ nanobowl (CdS NR@SnO₂ NB) arrays is designed and fabricated by the preparation of SnO₂ nanobowl arrays via nanosphere lithography followed by hydrothermal growth of CdS nanorods on the inner surface of the SnO₂ nanobowls. A photoelectrochemical (PEC) device constructed by using this hierarchical CdS NR@SnO₂ NB photoanode presents significantly enhanced performance with a photocurrent density of 3.8 mA cm^?2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM1.5G solar light irradiation, which is about 2.5 times higher than that of CdS nanorod arrays. After coating with a thin layer of SiO₂, the photostability of the CdS NR@SnO₂ NB arrays is greatly enhanced, resulting in a stable photoanode with a photocurrent density of 3.0 mA cm^?2 retained at 1.23 V versus the RHE. The much improved performance of the CdS NR@SnO₂ NB arrays toward PEC hydrogen generation can be ascribed to enlarged surface area arising from the hierarchical nanostructures, improved light harvesting owing to the NR@NB architecture containing multiple scattering centers, and enhanced charge separation/collection efficiency due to the favorable CdS–SnO₂ heterojunction.     

Manganese-based coordination framework derived manganese sulfide nanoparticles integrated with carbon sheets for application in supercapacitor

Manganese sulfide (MnS) with high specific capacitance and low-cost merits, has been investigated as a potential electroactive material for supercapacitor. However, in practical application, MnS has been suffering from some disadvantageous issues such as insufficient electrical conductivity, serious particle agglomeration as well as huge volume change during continuous charges and discharges, which resulted in a limited specific capacitance, shortened working life and inferior rate performance. Engineering electrode materials with controlled nanostructure and composition is pivotal to improve electrichemical performance of supercapacitors. This paper introduces a facile in situ sulfuration method to fabricate MnS/NSC composite with Mn-hexamethylene tetramine coordination framework as precursor. The results indicated that MnS nanoparticles were highly dispersed and incorporated into nitrogen, sulfur-doped carbon microsheets in MnS/NSC composite. Carbon matrix effectively dispersed and confined the MnS nanoparticles, thus inhibiting aggregation, relieving volume change and retaining structural integrity. Moreover, the 2D conductive carbon matrix reduced the diffusion distance for ions and ensured fast electron delivery. As a result, MnS/NSC electrode delivered a tremendously boosted electrochemical performance for supercapacitor. A large capacitance value about 1881.8F/g was achieved at 1A/g. Even cycling for 3000 loops at 40 A/g, MnS/NSC electrode retained a large capacitance of 404.3F/g. Furthermore, an asymmetric capacitor based on assembly of MnS/NSC composite cathode and activated carbon anode was fabricated. As tested under a current density of 0.1 A/g, it delivered a capacitance of ～ 110.1F/g and achieved an energy density of 12.4 Wh kg^?1 along with a power density of 3.03 kW kg^?1. These results demonstrate the potential utilization of MnS/NSC composite as electrodes for energy conversion and storage devices and open up a route for material design for future energy storage devices.     

Effect of electron irradiation on alternating current electrical properties of gelatin – cadmium sulfide nano-composite films

Gelatin was doped with 1 %, 3 %, 5 % and 10 % cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in weight concentrations forming the gelatin-cadmium sulfide nanocomposites and irradiated by various electron beam doses equals 50 kGy, 75 kGy, 100 kGy, and 150 kGy using 3 MeV – 3 mA electron accelerator. The applied alternating current electrical field frequency ranging from 70 Hz to 5 MHz is what caused the fluctuation in dielectric properties and alternating current electrical conductivity of these nanocomposites. The results showed that the films of 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, and 10 % for blank (nanocomposite film without electron beam irradiation) nanocomposites had the highest dielectric parameters (έ, ϵ′′, tan δ) at 0.5 kHz with values of (0.696, 0.0233, 0.034), (0.533, 0.0114, 0.0215), (0.402, 0.001196, 0.003), and (0.459, 0.00418, 0.0091), respectively. However, the lowest dielectric parameters were (0.645, 0.00618, 0.0066), (0.523, 0.00165, 0.0215), (0.417, 0.00035, 0.0008), and (0.455, 0.00066, 0.0015) at 5 MHz, respectively. The highest conductivity values for blank nanocomposites of 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, and 10 % were 1.79×10⁻⁴ S/m, 1.45×10⁻⁴ S/m, 1.16×10⁻⁴ S/m, 1.27×10⁻⁴ S/m at 5 MHz, and the lowest values were 1.92×10⁻⁸ S/m, 1.49×10⁻⁸ S/m, 1.13×10⁻⁸ S/m, 1.26×10⁻⁸ S/m at 0.5 kHz, respectively. For irradiated nanocomposites at 5 MHz, the dielectric constant order for 1 % was 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 50 kGy, and 75 kGy with values 0.63, 0.537, 0.532, and 0.523, respectively. For 10 % weight concentration, the order was 50 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, and 75 kGy with values 0.515, 0.477, 0.47, and 0.437, respectively. Otherwise the dielectric constant order for 3 % and 5 % was 100 kGy, 75 kGy, 150 kGy, and 50 kGy. The highest dielectric properties and conductivity values for blank and irradiated nanocomposites were observed at 100 kGy for 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %.     

黏胶纤维生产废气中H2S、CS2的治理技术

将国内外治理黏胶纤维生产废气中H2S、CS2的方法归于分别处理法(H2S：湿法、干法；CS2：冷凝、吸收、吸附)和综合处理法(氧化、辐射法、生物法)两大类，介绍了各种方法及其机理、工艺条件及应用情况等。     

电炉法CS_2废气的治理

简介了电炉法CS2 废气吸附的原理及工艺流程 ,开辟了H2 S利用的新途径 ,具有较好的环境效益和经济效益     

二甲基硫醚的光解特性

本文对二甲基硫醚（ＤＭＳ）在有氧、无氧及有Ｈ２Ｏ２存在的情况下紫外光辐照，然后在２０ｍ长光程 籍富里叶红外光谱仪测定光解产物的吸光谱，实验表明在无氧的情况下ＤＭＳ的Ｃ－Ｓ键断裂，并生成ＣＨ３ＳＳＣＨ３及Ｃ２Ｈ６，在有氧存在下生成ＨＣＨＯ及ＣＨ３ＳＯ３Ｈ〈在有Ｈ２Ｏ２存在下生成ＣＨ３ＳＳＣＨ３，本文讨论了的可能机理，合理地解释光解产物的生成。     

Flexible and Autonomous Integrated System for Characterizing Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Response in Dynamic Environment

Characterization and calibration of gas sensor is a complex problem due to the dynamic behavior of gases and the limitations of current technology. This article reports a flexible, robust, and autonomous integrated system that is able to perform characterization on metal oxide-based gas sensors in dynamic environments. The system controls the concentration and flow of the relevant gases into the gas chamber and simultaneously measuring the sensor response. This feature allows the characterization of the sensor under continuous dynamic flow of gases similar to conditions on a robot or flow pipes. Several experiments have been performed on the system using hydrogen sulfide. The results provide information on the general characteristics of the sensor as well as its sensitivity. The noise levels were studied with different reference voltages. Overall, the results verify that the system is reliable and able to produce repeatable measurements.     

光存储材料CaS∶Eu,Sm的正交实验制备及表征

CaS∶Eu,Sm材料在光存储、光探测领域具有广阔应用前景,但制备过程中影响其发光性能的因素较多,彼此又有交互作用,不易获得最佳工艺参数。本文采用高温固相反应法,通过正交实验设计系统研究了灼烧温度、灼烧时间、稀土掺杂浓度、助溶剂用量对CaS：Eu,Sm发光性能影响的主次关系,经正交分析和验证实验确定了最佳工艺参数应为：Eu∶Sm∶Ca mol%=0.3∶0.3∶99.4%,1100℃灼烧0.5h,助熔剂LiF用量为7%。采用X射线粉末衍射仪、荧光分光光度计（耦合1064nm激光激励源）对样品的物相及发光性能进行了测试与表征。     

PPS/CaCO_3复合材料界面应力分布的三维有限元模拟

以碳酸钙粒子(CaCO_3)填充聚苯硫醚(PPS)粒子为研究对象,用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对复合材料冲击过程中界面应力分布进行了有限元分析。结果表明:在粒子的赤道处,正应力、剪切应力和等效应力均为最大,朝极点方向迅速减小,在距赤道约0.5~2.0μm之间达致最低点,然后趋于平缓或略微回升。并介绍了PPS/CaCO_3复合材料在冲击载荷下失效或断裂的主要机理。