Electrode Design for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Problems and Solutions

Pursuit of advanced batteries with high‐energy density is one of the eternal goals for electrochemists. Over the past decades, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have gained world‐wide popularity due to their high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. However, their road to the market is still full of thorns. Apart from the poor electronic conductivity of sulfur‐based cathodes, LSBs involve special multielectron reaction mechanisms associated with active soluble lithium polysulfides intermediates. Accordingly, the electrode design and fabrication protocols of LSBs are different from those of traditional lithium ion batteries. This review is aimed at discussing the electrode design/fabrication protocols of LSBs, especially the current problems on various sulfur‐based cathodes (such as S, Li₂S, Li₂S_x catholyte, organopolysulfides) and corresponding solutions. Different fabrication methods of sulfur‐based cathodes are introduced and their corresponding bullet points to achieve high‐quality cathodes are highlighted. In addition, the challenges and solutions of sulfur‐based cathodes including active material content, mass loading, conductive agent/binder, compaction density, electrolyte/sulfur ratio, and current collector are summarized and rational strategies are refined to address these issues. Finally, the future prospects on sulfur‐based cathodes and LSBs are proposed.     

硫钝化对Fe/GaAs(100)界面电子结构和磁性质的影响

利用同步辐射和铁磁共振研究了使用 CH3CSNH2 硫钝化的 Ga As( 1 0 0 )表面铁超薄膜的电子结构和磁性 .实验结果表明 ,硫钝化能阻止 As向铁薄膜层的扩散 ,减弱 As和 Fe的相互作用并增强了在 Ga As( 1 0 0 )表面生长的铁超薄膜的磁性 .     

3D Carbonaceous Current Collectors: The Origin of Enhanced Cycling Stability for High‐Sulfur‐Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The cycling stability of high‐sulfur‐loading lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries remains a great challenge owing to the exaggerated shuttle problem and interface instability. Despite enormous efforts on design of advanced electrodes and electrolytes, the stability issue raised from current collectors has been rarely concerned. This study demonstrates that rationally designing a 3D carbonaceous macroporous current collector is an efficient and effective “two‐in‐one” strategy to improve the cycling stability of high‐sulfur‐loading Li–S batteries, which is highly versatile to enable various composite cathodes with sulfur loading >3.7 mAh cm^?2. The best cycling performance can be achieved upon 950 cycles with a very low decay rate of 0.029%. Moreover, the origin of such a huge enhancement in cycling stability is ascribed to (1) the inhibition of electrochemical corrosion, which severely occurs on the typical Al foil and disables its long‐term sustainability for charge transfer, and (2) the passivation of cathode surface. The role of the chemical resistivity against corrosion and favorable macroscopic porous structure is highlighted for exploiting novel current collectors toward exceptional cycling stability of high‐sulfur‐loading Li–S batteries.     

Gas Pickering Emulsion Templated Hollow Carbon for High Rate Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries

A CO₂ in water nanoparticle stabilized Pickering emulsion is used to template micrometer sized hollow porous nitrogen doped carbon particles for high rate performance lithium sulfur battery. For the first time, nanoparticles serve the dual role of an emulsion stabilizer and a pore template for the shell, directly utilizing in situ generated CO₂ bubbles as template for the core. The minimalistic nature of this method does not require expensive surfactants or additional core templates. Upon polymerization of melamine formaldehyde onto CO₂, a robust polymer/silica composite shell is formed and transformed into a porous shell upon washing. The micrometer‐sized hollow morphology in combination with its nitrogen rich porous shell demonstrates impressive rate capabilities of 670 and 500 mAh g^?1 even at a high rate of 7C and 9C, respectively. This material also possesses excellent cycle durability, exhibiting a low capacity decay of 0.088%/cycle over 300 cycles. Measurement of the shuttle current and impedance provides interesting insight into the polysulfide mass transfer mechanism of hollow structured sulfur hosts.     

硫磺回收装置余热回收器失效原因分析

通过对硫磺回收装置余热回收器的失效原因进行分析,认为吸氧腐蚀及高温硫化腐蚀导致了设备损坏。并针对性的进行了改造。投用后使用状况良好。     

常减压蒸馏装置硫腐蚀与防护

介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司济南分公司加工原油中的硫含量变化情况及其形态分布,分析了原油中硫化物在常减压蒸馏过程中的转化规律,讨论了常减压蒸馏装置中的硫腐蚀机理及腐蚀类型,并通过腐蚀监测和缓蚀剂评价对常减压蒸馏装置中出现的几种主要的硫腐蚀类型提出了防护措施。     

湖南下寒武统石煤中的镍钼铂族元素的地球化学特征

从岩石学、矿床学、微量元素地球化学、稳定同位素方面对湖南下寒武统石煤中镍、钼、铂族元素为主的伴生元素的来源和富集成因进行了研究研究认为，含矿岩系中发育的硅岩是一种喷流岩；有海底喷流作用直接堆积的金属硫化物筒状富矿体；矿石中各种胶状结构发育；矿床具两套成矿系统；微量元素Ｓｅ，Ａｓ，Ｂａ高地壳丰度数倍至数万倍；矿层中硫同位素值为－１３００％～－１７６１％等证实了湖南下寒武统石煤中以镍、钼、铂族元素为主的伴生元素，其来源和富集并非陆源搬运沉积，而是与海底喷流作用有关     

一种节能环保型照明装置——微波硫灯

介绍了节能环保型照明装置微波硫灯的发光机理,关键技术,性能特点及国内外发展现状,同时指出了该装置具有广阔的推广应用前景。